Q 2. Answer in brief: 

(a) What problems did Brazil and India face after independence? 

Ans: 

(i) India was under British rule for almost one- and-a-half centuries. India got its independence in 1947.

(ii) It faced several problems like three wars, famine situations in various parts and similar issues after independence.

(iii) For more than three centuries, Brazil was under Portuguese rule. Brazil gained its independence in 1822.

(iv) From 1930 to 1985, for more than a half century, it was under a populist military government.

(v) It faced global financial difficulties in the late 20th century.

(vi) Thus, both India and Brazil faced many problems post-independence.

(vii) Inspite of these problems today, India is a major developing country of the world and is considered to be a global market.

(viii) Even Brazil is seen as a contributor to economic growth of the world and an important market in the future.

(b) How are Brazil and India different from each other in terms of location? 

Ans: 

(i) India is located in the northern and eastern hemispheres of the Earth.

(ii) It is located in the southern part of the Asian continent. 

(iii) Some part of Brazil lies in the northern hemisphere, while most of it lies in the southern hemisphere.

(iv) Also, it lies in the western hemisphere. It is located in the northern part of the South American continent.

(c) Describe the latitudinal and longitudinal extent of India and Brazil.

Ans: 

(i) The extent of mainland India is 8°4’N to 37°6’N latitudes and between 68°7′ E to 97°25’E longitudes.

(ii) Indira Point is the southernmost tip of India.

(iii) It is located on 6°45’N parallel.

(iv) The extent of mainland Brazil is 5°15’N to 33°45′ S latitudes and between 34°45’W to 73°48’W longitude.