Chapter 7 – Nutrition and Diet
1. Fill in the blanks.
(a) The process of intake of food and utilising it for all life processes is called ________
Ans: nutrition
(b) All the substances in our food which are useful for various bodily processes are called ________
Ans: nutrients
(c) Carbohydrates and ________ provide ________ to our body.
Ans: fats, energy
(d) In a balanced diet, all the nutrients are present in the ________ proportion.
Ans: right
(e) In the food pyramid, cereals are given the maximum space because they fulfil our ________ requirement.
Ans: energy
(f) Intake of more food than necessary causes ________
Ans: overnutrition
2. Spot the following in the table of vitamins and minerals.
(a) The nutrient present in citrous fruits.
Ans: Vitamin C
(b) Vitamins / minerals present in milk.
Ans: Vitamin A, Vitamin B, Vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus.
(c) Causes and symptoms of night blindness, scurvy, rickets, beriberi.
Ans:
Night blindness
Cause: Deficiency of Vitamin A
Symptom: Inability to see in dim light
Scurvy
Cause: Deficiency of Vitamin C
Symptom: Bleeding gums
Rickets
Cause: Deficiency of Vitamin D
Symptoms: Softening of bones, causing pain and fractures
Beriberi
Cause: Deficiency of Vitamin B1
Symptom: Nerve disorder
(d) Foods required to prevent the above diseases.
Ans:
Foods to prevent night blindness:
Red and yellow vegetables and fruits, leafy vegetables, milk, butter.
Foods to prevent scurvy:
Citrus fruits, lemon, amla, tomato, green leafy vegetables.
Foods to prevent rickets:
Sun bathing, milk, butter, fish, meat, eggs.
Foods to prevent beriberi:
Cereals, nuts, pulses, milk, meat, fish.
(e) Causes of anaemia.
Ans: Deficiency of Vitamin B12, iron.
(f) Essential mineral for healthy bones and teeth.
Ans: Calcium, phosphorus.
(g) Sensory organs affected due to the deficiency of Vitamin A.
Ans: Eyes, skin.
3. Choose the correct alternative.
(a) Pulses are a very good source of ________
(1) carbohydrates
(2) proteins
(3) fats
(4) minerals
Ans: Option (2) – proteins
(b) ________ provide maximum energy to the body.
(1) Cereals
(2) Leafy vegetables
(3) Water
(4) Amla
Ans: Option (1) – Cereals
(c) Goitre is caused by a deficiency of the mineral ________
(1) iron
(2) calcium
(3) iodine
(4) potassium
Ans: Option (3) – iodine
(d) ________ is a type of junk food.
(1) Orange
(2) Milk
(3) Bhakri
(4) Chocolate
Ans: Option (4) – Chocolate
4. Use the food pyramid to select food items of your choice for three days.
Conditions:
(1) The diet for all three days should be balanced.
(2) There should be variety in the items chosen for the three days.
Ans:
Day 1: Idli, chutney, sambhar, milk, roti, sabzi and dal, banana
Day 2: veg-sandwich, rice/ roti and chicken, curd, apple.
Day 3: Poha/upma, leafy vegetable and dal with rice or roti, salad, seasonal fruit, dosa.