Chapter 4 - Weather and Climate
(A) Who am I?
(1) I keep on changing.
Ans: Weather
(2) I am not the same at all places.
Ans: Climate
(3) I am the solid state of water droplets.
Ans: Snow/Hail
(4) I am present in the atmosphere in the form of vapour.
Ans: Moisture
(B) Answer the following:
(1) Why is the climate of Mahabaleshwar cool?
Ans:
(i) As we move upward from sea level, the temperature of air decreases.
(ii) Mahabaleshwar is located at high altitude (high above the sea level) in Sahyadri Mountain.
(iii) Therefore, the climate of Mahabaleshwar is cool.
(2) Why is the climate near the sea humid?
Ans:
(i) Because of the heating of sea water, water vapour gets mixed in the air.
(ii) Air near the sea area having higher temperature holds a greater amount of moisture.
(iii) Therefore, the climate near the sea is humid.
(3) What is the difference between weather and climate?
Ans:
| Weather | Climate |
|---|---|
(i) Weather is described on the basis of the conditions prevailing at the given time | (i) Climate is described on the basis of conditions prevailing over a longer period of time. |
(ii) Weather keeps on changing frequently and we can experience changes in the weather easily. | (ii) Changes in the climate take place over a longer period. These changes are not perceived so easily. |
(4) What are the elements of weather?
Ans: Temperature, air pressure, winds, moisture, precipitation are the elements of weather.
(5) What effects do nearness to the sea and height above mean sea level have on the climate?
Ans:
(a) The effect of nearness to the sea on the climate:
(i) Because of the heating of sea water, water vapour gets mixed in the air. Air near the sea area having higher temperature holds a greater amount of moisture. Therefore, the climate near the sea is humid.
(ii) In the interior continental regions, the air holds comparatively less amount of moisture. Therefore, the climate in the interior continental region is dry.
(b) The effect of height above the mean sea level on the climate:
(i) The earth’s surface gets heat from the sun. As a result, the surface gets heated up. The air near the surface of the earth receives the maximum heat.
(ii) As we move upward from sea level the temperature of air decreases.
(C) For the climatic conditions mentioned in the table, name the representative places known to you. (Use an atlas.)
| Hot | |
|---|---|
Hot and humid | |
Cold | |
Hot and dry | |
Cold and dry | Mahabaleshwar |
Ans:
| Hot | Bhopal |
|---|---|
Hot and humid | Mumbai |
Cold | Munnar |
Hot and dry | Nagpur |
Cold and dry | Mahabaleshwar |
(D) Complete the following table.
| Weather | Climate |
|---|---|
Short-lived condition of atmosphere | |
Does not change quickly | |
Expressed with respect to a specific place | |
Elements of climate:
Temperature, pressure, winds, humidity and precipitation |
Ans:
| Weather | Climate |
|---|---|
Short-lived condition of atmosphere | Long-lived condition of the atmosphere |
Keeps changing | Does not change quickly |
Expressed with respect to a specific place | Expressed with respect to a specific region |
Elements of weather: Temperature, pressure, winds, humidity and precipitation | Elements of climate:
Temperature, pressure, winds, humidity and precipitation |