Chapter 3 – Diversity in Living Things and their Classification
1. Match the pairs.
| A Group | B Group |
|---|---|
(a) Amphibian | (1) A Monkey |
(b) Vertebrate | (2) A Snake |
(c) With scales | (3) A Frog |
Ans:
| A Group | B Group |
|---|---|
(a) Amphibian | (3) A Frog |
(b) Vertebrate | (1) A Monkey |
(c) With scales | (2) A Snake |
2. Who is the odd one out ?
(a) Fungus, mushroom, chrysanthemum, spirogyra
Ans: Chrysanthemum
Reason: Chrysanthemum is a flowering plant, others are not.
(b) Mango, banyan, palm, chick pea
Ans: Palm
Reason: Palm grows straight without branches, others have branches.
(c) Grape, orange, lemon, hibiscus
Ans: Hibiscus
Reason: Hibiscus is a flower, others are fruits.
(d) Sunflower, banyan, jowar, bajra
Ans: Banyan
Reason: Banyan is a perennial plant, others are not.
(e) Guava, radish, carrot, beetroot
Ans: Guava
Reason: Guava is a fruit, others are roots.
(f) Deer, fish, man, worms
Ans: Fish
Reason: Others are terrestrial animals.
Or
Worms
Reason: Others are vertebrate animals.
3. What is the difference ?
(a) Flowering plants – non-flowering plants
Ans:
| Flowering plants | Non-flowering plants |
|---|---|
(1) Flowering plants bear flowers. | (1) Non-flowering plants do not bear flowers. |
(2) Flowering plants have roots, stem, leaves, etc. | (2) Non-flowering plants may not have roots, stem, leaves, etc. |
(3) Flowering plants bear fruits with seeds. | (3) Non-flowering plants do not bear fruits with seeds. |
(4) Flowering plants are more evolved. | (4) Non-flowering plants are not much evolved. |
(b) A tree – a shrub
Ans:
| A tree | A shrub |
|---|---|
(1) A tree grows tall. | (1) A shrub does not grow tall. |
(2) A tree is large in size. | (2) A shrub is small in size. |
(3) Trees are perennial. | (3) Shrubs are annual or biennial. |
(4) Trees give out branches at some height. e.g. Mango, Jackfruit, Neem. | (4) Shrubs give out branches very close to the ground level. e.g. Oleander, Lantana. |
(c) Vertebrates – invertebrates
Ans:
| Vertebrates | Invertebrates |
|---|---|
(1) Vertebrates have a vertebral column in their body. | (1) Invertebrates do not have a vertebral column in their body. |
(2) Vertebrates have well-formed organs | (2) Invertebrates do not have well-formed organs. |
(3) Vertebrates are evolved animals. e.g. Fish, Snake, Birds, Frog, Man. | (3) Invertebrates are primitive animals. e.g. Amoeba, Snail, Insects, Earthworm. |
4. True or false?
(a) The snail is an aquatic animal.
Ans: False
(b) Amphibians can live in air and in water.
Ans: False
(c) The function of the brain is well developed in vertebrate animals.
Ans: True
(d) The amoeba is a multicellular animal.
Ans: False
5. Write two names of each.
(a) A flowering plant
Ans: Mango, Hibiscus.
(b) A non-flowering plant
Ans: Algae, Ferns.
(c) A tree
Ans: Teak and Neem.
(d) A shrub
Ans: Rose plant, Lemon plant.
(e) A creeper
Ans: Pumpkin, Cucumber.
(f) An annual plant
Ans: Mango, Jackfruit.
(g) A biennial plant
Ans: Carrot, Beetroot.
(h) A perennial plant
Ans: Mango, Gulmohar.
6. Write answers to the following.
(a) What are the parts of a plant?
Ans: Roots, stem, leaves, flowers and fruits are the parts of a plant.
(b) What are the functions of the root?
Ans: The functions of the roots are:
(1) Roots hold the soil firmly.
(2) The absorption of water and nutrients from the soil is done by the roots.
(3) Roots transport the absorbed water and nutrients to the stem.
(4) Some modified roots store food in them. For example, carrot and radish
(5) Roots support the plant.
(c) Why is it necessary to classify living things?
Ans:
(1) There is a vast diversity among the living things present on the earth.
(2) For identifying these living things and also for studying their characteristics, we need to classify them properly in a scientific way.
(d) What are the criteria used to classify living things?
Ans: While classifying living things, we have to take into consideration the following criteria:
(1) Structure of the living things.
(2) Different organs present.
(3) Similarities and differences between them.
(4) Habitat.
(5) Other characteristics.
(e) Tell some characteristics of creepers.
Ans: The creepers have very flexible and green stems. It is soft and thus cannot give support to the plant on its own. The creepers therefore take support from the nearby objects. Creepers have aerial roots or spring-like tendrils for such support. Some creepers spread horizontally on the ground.
(f) Explain the characteristics of herbs with two examples.
Ans: Herbs are short plants growing to a height of about 1 to 1.5 metres. The stems of the herbs are flexible and green. They are short-lived. They survive for a few months, a year, or two.
Examples of herbs are Fenugreek and Periwinkle.
(g) On the basis of which criteria will you classify plants and animals?
Ans:
(I) Criteria for classifying Plants:
Plants are classified according to the following criteria:
(1) Height
(2) Shape of stems
(3) Period of lifecycle
(4) Whether they produce flowers or they are non-flowering
(5) Habitat
(II) Criteria for classifying Animals:
Animals are classified according to the following criteria:
(1) Cell structure
(2) Vertebral column
(3) Method of reproduction
(4) Habitat.
(h) What protects the bodies of animals?
Ans: Some animals have protective coverings on their bodies. Some animals have a layer of scales. Some, like turtles and tortoises, have plates. Some animals show a behaviour pattern that protects them. Some are provided with horns, nails, or sharp teeth to protect themselves against their predators.
7. Draw figures.
Draw the figure of a plant to show the parts, namely, the root, stem and leaves in it.
Ans:
