Chapter 2.4 – Anak Krakatoa
Anak Krakatoa, which means ‘Child of Krakatoa’ is named after Krakatoa. It is still an active volcano. The worst of the eruptions took place in August 1883. A part of the old island, known as Rakata, is still visible in the sea, a little away from the new arrival. After Krakatoa’s eruption in 1883, all the surrounding islands and coasts were covered with hot ash. No life remained. When a scientist visited in 1884, he found just one spider there.
POINTERS
1. Draw a diagram to show a volcanic eruption from its description given in this passage. Label the diagram. Show the following in it :
Volcano; earth’s crust; crack in the earth’s crust; hot molten rock; red, hot lava; smoke; ash; burning chunks of rock.
Ans: Students must do this on their own.
2. Show the three categories of volcanoes using the following tree diagram structure. Write a very short description of each category below the box.
Ans:
3. Show the stages in the process in which Krakatoa collapsed and then Anak Krakatoa formed in the course of volcanic eruptions. Use the flowchart given below.
Ans:
4. Draw a diagram to show how life returned to the island. Label the diagram. (Use the technique of drawing diagrams when you study science, geography, etc.)
Ans: Students must do this on their own.
5. Write short notes on the following :
(1) The 1883 eruption
Ans: The August 1883 eruption that took place was the worst of the eruptions that took place. The sound of the volcanic eruption was heard more than 3500 km away in Australia. The island, which was a volcanic mountain, collapsed on itself. The dust rose up to 80 km in the sky, spread around the world, and later settled in different parts thousands of kilometres away. Giant tsunamis were caused by the eruption, destroying 165 villages and towns. Two-thirds of the island of Krakatoa was destroyed when it collapsed beneath the surface of the sea, creating more than a 6 km wide hole.
(2) The living world on Rakata
Ans: Rakata, a part of Krakatoa, is still visible in the sea, a little away from Anak Krakatoa. After the 1883 eruption, all the surrounding islands and coasts were covered with hot ash, rendering the island lifeless. In 1884, a scientist found only one spider when he visited Rakata. The wind and the sea brought the seeds of the plants to the island. Plants and animals that lived in the sea came to the coasts again. Small land animals like ants, termites, or even rats and lizards travelled to the island on plants floating in the sea. One edge of the island was soon teeming with plants and animals.
6. Find the pronunciation of the following words from a good dictionary.
strait
Ans: Strait is pronounced as /strert/, which briefly belongs to the Western midlands of Australia, indicating a narrow island.
eruption
Ans: The eruption is pronounced as /I’rɅp.ʃən/ mostly related as the verb to volcanoes.
tremendous
Ans: Tremendous is pronounced as /trǝ’mendǝs/ which is mainly used in exaggeration sentences.
dormant
Ans: Dormant is pronounced as /’dǝ:(r)ment/, it is a type of volcano defining the irregular eruption of volcanoes.
extinct
Ans: Extinct is pronounced as /Ik ‘stinkt/, if a living source is no longer found in the world, then it is known as extinct.
tsunami
Ans: Tsunami is pronounced as /tsu:’na:mi/, a type of natural disaster extracted from the causes of earthquakes.
crater
Ans: The crater is pronounced as / ‘kreite(r)/ used in the terms of geography and other scientific studies.
plume
Ans: Plume is pronounced as /plu:m/, which is an accumulation of feathers to create and design over something.
(According to the Macmillan Dictionary)
7. Read aloud with the leader : Form groups of five. Read the passage aloud in groups. The leader begins every sentence and stops after a few words. The other members complete the sentence, reading it aloud in chorus.
Ans: Students must do this on their own.
8. Look at the following words carefully for one minute. Now close your book and try to write down as many of the words as you can remember.
crust tremendous lava crater volcanic tsunami island extinct disaster dormant eruption plume inland molten active coast
9. Read the passage and find the verbs used with the following nouns and phrases :
volcano
Ans: known, is, say, are, erupt, find, broke
molten rock
Ans: is
volcanic mountain
Ans: was
dust
Ans: was
165 village and towns
Ans: were
the wind and the sea
Ans: brought
seeds
Ans: brought, came
birds
Ans: came
In the fifth standard, you have learnt to identify verbs like rise, flow, happen, etc. that are used in a sentence.
The verbs be, have, and do can be used as main verbs in a sentence.
be : am/are, is/are, was/were, being, been.
have : has/have, having, had
do: does/do, doing, did,done
Examples :
be : I am twelve years old.
They were ready.
have : I have a brother.
The dinosaur had a long tail.
do : Do it!
She did some work.
There are other verbs like can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must, used to, etc. which show whether something is possible, allowed, necessary, etc. They are known as modal auxiliaries or modal verbs or helping verbs. We will look at their examples later on.
The verbs be, have and do are also used with the main verbs in a sentence to show certain things. Then, they are called auxiliary or helping verbs.
‘Do’ is used with the main verb –
(a) To form questions :
Do you know the answer?
Did you see the bird?
What do you want?
What did the queen tell them?
What did they do?
(b) To form negative sentences :
We did not go back.
‘Be’ and ‘have’ auxiliaries can also form questions and negatives.
‘Do’ is not needed when these are used.
Examples :
(a) Questions :
Are you writing a story?
Is it necessary?
Have you written this?
Why have you come back?
(b) Negatives :
I was not feeling well.
She had not seen the book.