1. Find it from the chapter.

(1) Grave dangers in the life of Shivaji Maharaj.

Ans: Events like the meeting with Afzal Khan, the siege of Panhala, the attack on Shaista Khan, and the escape from Agra all involved a great deal of risk.

(2) They risked their life at the time of Maharaj’s escape from Agra.

Ans: Hiroji Farjand and Madari Mehetar risked their lives during the escape of Maharaj from Agra.

(3) What warning did Shivaji Maharaj issue to the Deshmukh of Rohida Valley?

Ans: a) Shivaji Maharaj warned the Deshmukh of the Rohida valley not to fail in his duty towards the ryot.

b) He told Deshmukh to visit every village and shift people to a safe place down the ghats.

c) He further warned Deshmukh that if he did not thus take care of the ryot, the Mughal Army will take the people prisoner, and then it will be seen as Deshmukh’s doing.

(4) What inspiration can future  generations draw from the life of Shivaji Maharaj?

Ans: a) Shivaji Maharaj was a great national hero.

b) The future generation can look upon his noble task of founding Swaraj and turning it into Surajya.

c) Shivaji Maharaj was also an ideal ruler as he was a symbol of many virtues.

2. Write about it in your own words.

(1) What warning did Shivaji Maharaj issue to his soldiers to avoid any loss to the ryot ?

Ans: a) Shivaji Maharaj warned the Deshmukh of the Rohida valley not to fail in his duty towards the ryot.

b) He told Deshmukh to visit every village and shift people to a safe place down the ghats.

c) He strictly told him not to delay, even for a moment.

d) He further warned the Deshmukh that if he did not thus take care of the ryot, the Mughal Army will take the people prisoner, and then it will be seen as Deshmukh’s doing.

e) Maharaj also saw to it that the soldiers did not in any way cause any harm to the ryot.

(2) How do we know that the religious policy of Shivaji Maharaj was that of tolerance ?

Ans: The following things indicate that Shivaji Maharaj followed a tolerant religious policy.

a) In the enemy territories that he conquered, he continued to provide the facilities that had been given to the Muslim places of worship.

b) Also, he had framed strict rules for soldiers that, during the campaigns, they should not harm a mosque.

c) If they came into possession of a copy of the Holy Quran, they should hand it over with reverence to a Muslim.

d) While meeting Afzalkhan, Siddi Ibrahim was a servant in his army. Siddi Hilal was a soldier in the army. Daulat Khan was an important officer in the Navy of the Swaraj.

(3) Explain Shivaji Maharaj’s policy regarding the army.

Ans: a) Shivaji Maharaj maintained strict discipline in the army.

b) He made arrangements to pay the salaries of soldiers in cash and on time.

c) There was a strict order to the army that any valuables collected during the campaigns in enemy territory were to be deposited with the government.

d) Soldiers were honoured for their bravery and looked after the maintenance of the families of soldiers who died in battle.

e) He took care of the wounded soldiers and treated the enemy soldiers who had surrendered themselves or been captured.

3. Give one word for.

(1) An important officer in the navy of Swaraj –

Ans: Daulatkhan.

(2) A Tamil poet who composed a poem on Shivaji Maharaj –

Ans: Subramanyam Bharati.

(3) He created an independent kingdom in Bundelkhand –

Ans: Chhatrasal.

(4) He composed a Powada on the greatness of Shivaji Maharaj –

Ans: Mahatma Jotirao Phule.