1. List the restrictions on the powers of the Government.

Ans:

Fundamental rights put restrictions on the power of the government. A few such restrictions upon the state are listed below:

(i) The state shall not discriminate between and among citizens on the basis of caste, religion, race, language, or sex.

(ii) The state shall not deny anybody equality before the law and equal protection of the law.

(iii) No person shall be deprived of his life.

(iv) The state shall not impose any religious taxes.

2. Say ‘Yes’ or ‘No’.

(1) The jobs advertised in the newspaper are for men and women both.

Ans: Yes

(2) Men and women doing the same work in a factory get different wages.

Ans: No

(3) Government implements various schemes for the improvement of public health.

Ans: Yes

(4) The State shall protect all monuments of historic interest and national importance.

Ans: Yes

3. Tell why –

(1) The State shall protect all monuments of historic interest.

Ans: The state shall protect all monuments of historical interest, because it is the duty of the state to preserve our rich and varied national heritage.

(2) A pension scheme is implemented for old people.

Ans: A pension scheme is implemented for the elderly because there is a Directive Principle that the state shall offer public assistance to citizens in cases of unemployment, old age, and sickness.

(3) Free and compulsory education has been made available to children in the age group 6 to 14.

Ans:

Free and compulsory education has been made available to all children in the age group of 6 to 14 years, because

(i) It is the fundamental duty of every parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his or her child.

(ii) The right to education has become a fundamental right.

4. Say right or wrong. Correct and write the wrong ones.

(1) Not to let the National Flag fall down on the ground. 

Ans: Correct

(2) To stand at attention while the National Anthem is playing. 

Ans: Correct

(3) To carve or paint our names on the walls of a historic place like a fort.

Ans: Incorrect

Correct Statement: To abjure from carving or painting our names on the walls of a historical place like a fort.

(4) To give lesser wages to women than to men for the same work.

Ans: Incorrect

Correct Statement: To give equal wages to women and men for the same work.

(5) To keep public places clean. 

Ans: Correct

5. Write about the following.

(1) The Directive Principles of the Constitution enumerated in the textbook.

Ans:

Some of the important Directive Principles enumerated in the Constitution are  

(i) The state shall secure adequate means of livelihood for all citizens without any gender discrimination.

(ii) The state shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and safeguard the forest and wildlife of the country.

(iii) The state shall promote with special care the educational and social interests of the weaker sections, especially the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes.

(iv) The state shall protect all the monuments of historic interest and national importance.

(2) The provision of a uniform civil code for citizens in the Directive Principles of the Indian Constitution.

Ans:

(i) The directive Principles states that “the state shall secure a uniform civil code applicable to the entire country.”

(ii) The constitution does not discriminate between and among the citizens on the basis of caste, religion, race, language, or sex.

(iii) But provision for special educational and economic care for the weaker section of society, i.e., the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes, has been made.

(iv) To treat every individual of society as equal, the provision of a uniform civil code was made in the directive principles.

(3) Why is it said that the Directive Principles and Fundamental Rights are two sides of the same coin?

Ans:

The Directive Principles and the Fundamental Rights are said to be the two sides of the same coin, because:

(i) Fundamental rights ensure political democracy, whereas the Directive Principles pave the way for social and economic democracy.

(ii) Political democracy is said to be incomplete without social and economic democracy.

(iii) The Fundamental Rights provide the citizens with much-needed freedom (liberty), whereas the Directive Principles are conducive to a welfare state.

(iv) The objective of a developed and progressive democracy can be achieved when these two go hand in hand.

6. What are the ways in which citizens can conserve the environment ? Write with examples.

Ans:

Citizens can conserve the environment by avoiding the following types of activities that cause pollution:

(i) The wanton cutting down of trees, the use of plastic, industrial waste released in rivers and lakes, and excessive smoke emitted by vehicles cause pollution.

(ii) Blaring loudspeakers and screeching horns cause noise pollution.

(iii) Pollution disturbs the balance of nature and causes harm to the environment.

(iv) It also adversely affects the health of people and animals.

(v) It is the fundamental duty of every citizen to protect and improve our environment.