Chapter 6 - Conflict with the Mughals
1. Arrange in chronological order.
(1) Southern campaign of Shivaji Maharaj
(2) Raid on Lal Mahal
(3) Escape from Agra
(4) Coronation
(5) Treaty of Purandar
(6) Shaistakhan’s invasion
Ans:
(1) Shaistakhan’s invasion
(2) Raid on Lal Mahal
(3) Treaty of Purandar
(4) Escape from Agra
(5) Coronation
(6) Southern campaign of Shivaji Maharaj
2. Find the names from the chapter.
(1) A dictionary containing Sanskrit words
Ans: Rajya Vyavahara Kosha
(2) He won Trimbakgad
Ans: Moropant Pingale
(3) This Sardar was defeated at Vani-Dindori
Ans: Daudkhan
(4) A place where the British Dutch and French had their factories
Ans: Surat
3. Write about these in your own words.
(1) The Coronation of Shivaji Maharaj
Ans:
(i) The founding of the Maratha Swaraj involved a relentless struggle for over thirty years.
(ii) Maharaj realised that now it was necessary for the Swaraj to win general recognition as a sovereign, independent State.
(iii) For this, a formal coronation was necessary. On June 6, 1674, he had himself coronated at Raigad by Gagabhatt, a learned Pandit.
(iv) Maharaj ascended the throne of Swaraj.
(v) He now became the Chhatrapati of Swaraj.
(2) Escape from Agra
Ans:
(i) To keep Shivaji Maharaj away from Deccan politics, Jaisingh proposed to Shivaji Maharaj that he visit Agra and meet the Emperor.
(ii) He guaranteed the safety of Shivaji Maharaj. Shivaji Maharaj set out for Agra.
(iii) He was accompanied by Prince Sambhaji and a few of his trusted people.
(iv) Aurangzeb did not treat him with due honour at his court.
(v) Maharaj expressed his anger. The Emperor, seeing this, put him under house arrest.
(vi) Maharaj devised a plan to escape from this house arrest.
(3) Shivaji Maharaj’s campaign of the South
Ans:
(i) Three years after the coronation, in October 1677, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj undertook a campaign in the South.
(ii) He went to Golconda. There he called on the Qutubshah.
(iii) He entered into a treaty of friendship with him.
(iv) Later, Maharaj won Bengaluru, Hoskote in Karnataka, Jinji Vellore, etc. forts in today’s Tamil Nadu, and some other territories of Adilshah.
(v) He appointed Raghunath Narayan Hanamante as the chief administrator to look after these conquered territories.
(vi) In this campaign in the South, Maharaj had annexed the fort of Jinji.
(4) Shivaji Maharaj’s preparation for the coronation
Ans:
(i) Maharaj realized that now it was necessary for the Swaraj to win general recognition as a sovereign, independent State.
(ii) For this, a formal coronation was necessary. On June 6, 1674, he had himself coronated at Raigad by Gagabhatt, a learned Pandit.
(iii) On September 24, 1674, Shivaji Maharaj had his second coronation performed under the guidance of Nischalpuri Gosavi.
(iv) An extremely valuable and grand throne was made for the coronation of Shivaji Maharaj.
(v) There were eight bejeweled pillars on eight sides of the throne. This throne, made of thirty-two manns of gold, had been studded with precious jewels.
4. Give reasons.
(1) Shivaji Maharaj entered into the Treaty of Purandar.
Ans:
(i) To curb the increasing activities of Shivaji Maharaj, Aurangzeb sent Mirzaraja Jaisingh, an experienced and powerful Rajput Sardar. Jaisingh came to Pune.
(ii) To capture the forts in the possession of Maharaj. Mughal forces were sent to various parts of Swaraj.
(iii) They ravaged the territories of the Swaraj. Maharaj endeavoured to resist the Mughals.
(iv) Jaisingh and Dilerkhan laid siege to the fort of Purandar.
(v) Murarbaji Deshpande fought with the greatest of courage.
(vi) He died a hero’s death. Considering the seriousness of the situation, Maharaj began talks for a treaty with Jaisingh.
(2) Shivaji Maharaj took an aggressive stand against the Mughals.
Ans:
(i) Immediately after returning from Agra, Maharaj did not want any conflict with the Mughals.
(ii) However, he wanted to recapture the forts and territories given to the Mughals as per the Purandar treaty. For this, he prepared a comprehensive and bold plan.
(iii) It was his strategy to capture the forts by sending a well-equipped army on the one hand and, on the other hand, to keep the Mughals unstable by invading the territories of the Deccan under their control.