2. Answer the following questions.

(1) What are the provisions in a secular Constitution?

Ans:

1) In a secular state, all religions are considered equal.

2) No one religion is considered to be the state religion.

3) The citizens are free to follow their own religion.

4) A state cannot discriminate among citizens on the basis of religion.

(2) What is meant by adult franchise ?

Ans:

1) Adult franchise means equal participation in the governance of the country.

2) Adult franchise means that all citizens over the age of 18 have the right to vote in elections. 

(3) What right does economic justice ensure ?

Ans:

1) Economic justice ensures that everyone should have an equal right to a source of livelihood so as to look after themselves and their families.

2) Our constitution has given this right to every citizen without any discrimination.

(4) How will human dignity be established in a society?

Ans:

1) Fraternity is closely related to human dignity.

2) Human dignity implies equal respect for each individual as a human being.

(3) It does not depend upon the criteria of caste, creed, race, race ,sex, language, etc.

4) Just as we would like to be treated with dignity and respect by others, we should always treat others with the same dignity and respect.

3. How should we make use of our freedom? Write your views about it.

Ans:

1) When every individual respects another and is honest about their freedom and rights, the dignity of the individual will be established.

2) In such an atmosphere, fraternity will flourish automatically.

3) The task of bringing about a new society based on the values of justice and equality will be facilitated.

4) This goal is stated in the Preamble to the Indian Constitution. 

4. Explain the following concepts.

1. Socialist State

Ans:

1) A socialist state is such a state where the gap between the rich and the poor is minimal.

2) Everyone has a right to the country’s wealth.

3) It is ensured that wealth is not concentrated in the hands of a few people.

2. Equality

Ans: Equality means that all Indian citizens have equal human status and there will be no discrimination based on caste, creed, race, sex, place of birth, etc.

3. Sovereign State

Ans:

1) The word “sovereign” means that a state is not under the control of a foreign power.

2) Sovereignty means the ultimate authority to govern yourself.

3) The people elect their representatives and grant them permission to exercise sovereign authority on their behalf.

4. Equality of opportunity

Ans:

1) The Preamble gives great importance to equality of opportunity.

2) It means that all Indians will get the same opportunities for development without any discrimination.

5. Make a list of the key words in the Preamble. Look for their meanings in a dictionary. Prepare a chart in the following way: