Chapter 2 - India before the Times of Shivaji Maharaj
1. Name the following.
(1) The Queen of Gondvana
Ans: Rani Durgavati
(2) The son of Udaysingh
Ans: Maharana Pratap
(3) The founder of Mughal dynasty
Ans: Babur
(4) The first Sultan of the Bahamani kingdom
Ans: Hasan Gang
(5) The fighting force established by Guru Gobindsingh
Ans: Khalsa Dal
2. Find the odd one out.
(1) Sultan Mahmud, Qutubuddin Aibak, Muhammad Ghuri, Babur
Ans: Babur
(2) Adilshahi, Nizamshahi, Sultanate, Baridshahi
Ans: Sultanate
(3) Akbar, Humayun, Shershah, Aurangzeb
Ans: Shershah
3. Find the odd man out.
(1) Material sources, written sources, unwritten sources, oral sources.
Ans: unwritten sources
(2) Monuments, coins, cave sculptures, stories
Ans: stories
(3) Bhurjapatras, temples, treatises, paintings.
Ans: temples
(4) Owis, tarikhs, folk tales, myths
Ans: tarikhs
4. Write about them briefly in your own words.
(1) Krishnadevaraya
Ans:
(i) Krishnadevraya ascended to the throne of Vijaynagar in 1509 CE.
(ii) He conquered and annexed Vijaywada and Rajmahendri to his kingdom.
(iii) He defeated the combined forces of the Bahamani Sultans, led by Mahmud Shah.
(iv) He was a capable ruler and a great general.
(v) He was a great scholar and wrote Amuktamalyada, a compendium on polity in Telugu.
(vi) He built the beautiful Hazar Ram temple and Vitthal temple.
(2) Chandbibi
Ans:
(i) Chandbibi was the capable daughter of Husain Nizamshah of Ahmadnagar.
(ii) She bravely defended Ahmadnagar fort against the Mughal attack in 1595 CE.
(iii) However, the internal strife in the court of Nizamshah resulted in the murder of Chandbibi.
(iv) This led to the capture of Ahmadnagar Fort by the Mughals.
(3) Rani Durgavati
Ans:
(i) Rani Durgavati belonged to the Chandel Rajput family.
(ii) She became queen of Gondvana after her marriage.
(iii) She was an excellent administrator.
(iv) After the death of her husband, she fought for a long time against the army of Akbar.
(v) She did not surrender and died on the battlefield while fighting against the Mughal army.
5. Give reasons.
(1) The Bahamani Kingdom disintegrated into five fragments.
Ans:
(i) After the death of Mahmud Gawan, factionism increased among the Bahamani sardars.
(ii) The conflict with the Vijaynagar kingdom had an adverse effect on the Bahamani kingdom.
(iii) The Provincial Governors began to act more independently.
(iv) All these factors led to the disintegration of the Bahamani kingdom into five fragments.
(2) Rana Sang’s army was defeated.
Ans:
(i) After the battle of Panipat, Rana Sanga of Mewad brought together all Rajput kings.
(ii) A battle was fought between Babur and Rana Sanga at Khanua.
(iii) However, Babur’s artillery and reserved forces played a key role in the battle.
(iv) As a result, Rana Sanga’s army was defeated in the Battle of Khanua.
(3) Rana Pratap has become immortal in history.
Ans:
(i) Maharana Pratap of Mewad continued the struggle for existence.
(ii) He gave a valiant fight to Akbar to maintain the independence of Mewad.
(iii) Hence, Maharana Pratap has become immortal in history for his valour, courage, self-respect, sacrifice, etc.
(4) Aurangzeb imprisoned Guru Teghbahaddar.
Ans:
(i) Guru Teghbahadur was the ninth Guru of the Sikhs.
(ii) He strongly protested against Aurangzeb’s policy of religious intolerance.
(iii) Hence, Aurangzeb imprisoned and beheaded Guru Teghbahadur in 1675 CE.
(5) The Rajputs fought against the Mughals.
Ans:
(i) Aurangzeb failed to secure cooperation with the Rajputs due to his expansionist policy.
(ii) He annexed Marwad after the death of Rana Jaswantsingh.
(iii) Durgadas Rathod crowned Ajitsingh, the minor son of Jaswantsingh, and fought against Aurangzeb for the survival of Marwad.
6. Complete the timeline.
Ans:
7. Using the internet, find out more about any one of the personalities you have studied here, and fill in the box below.
Ans: Students must do this on their own.