1. Explain the following concepts :

(1) Provisions of the Constitution

Ans:

i) The provisions in the constitution are about different things, e.g., Citizenship, the rights of citizens, the relationship between citizens and the state, the subjects of the laws to be made by the governments, elections, restrictions on the government, the jurisdiction of the state, etc.

ii) While making laws, the government is bound to follow the Constitution.

iii) Each country tries to create a constitution suited to its needs and objectives but also in tune with its distinct nature.

(2) Constitution Day

Ans: The day when the constitution was enacted and adopted by the Constituent Assembly is known as “Constitution Day.” The process of making the Indian constitution started in 1946. The Constituent Assembly enacted the constitution and adopted it on November 26, 1949. Therefore, November 26 is observed as “Constitution Day.”

2. Discuss.

(1) A Constituent Assembly was established.

Ans: The leaders of the freedom movement insisted that independent India would be governed by laws made by Indians, so a constituent committee was formed. 

(2) Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar is called the ‘Architect of the Indian Constitution’.

Ans:

i) Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar was the chairman of the drafting committee. He had thoroughly researched the constitutions of various countries around the world.

ii) He studied and contemplated day and night to draught our constitution. Due to his contribution towards the making of the constitution, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar is called the “Architect of the Indian Constitution.”

(3) What is included in the administration of a country ?

Ans: Governance or administration is the process of taking decisions regarding the issues before the country. Governance is undertaken by the government. The government has to make laws relating to several subjects, such as defending the boundaries, protecting from external aggression, eradicating poverty, creating employment, providing education and health services, encouraging commerce and industries, protecting the weaker sections, making policies for the progress of women, children, and tribal people, etc.

3. Choose the right option.

(1) The Constitution of this country is primarily unwritten.
(a) America

(b) India
(c) England

(d) None of the above

Ans: c) England

(2) Who was the President of the Constituent Assembly?
(a) Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar
(b) Dr Rajendra Prasad
(c) Durgabai Deshmukh
(d) B. N. Rau

Ans: b) Dr. Rajendra Prasad

(3) Who among these was not a member of the Constituent Assembly?
(a) Mahatma Gandhi
(b) Maulana Azad
(c) Rajkumari Amrit Kaur

(d) Hansaben Mehta

Ans: a) Mahatma Gandhi

(4) Who was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee ?
(a) Dr Rajendra Prasad
(b) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
(c) Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar
(d) J. B. Kripalani

Ans: c) Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar

4. Answer the following questions.

(1) On what subjects does the Government have to make laws ?

Ans: The government has to make laws relating to several subjects, such as defending the boundaries, protecting from external aggression, eradicating poverty, creating employment, providing education and health services, encouraging commerce and industries, protecting the weaker sections, making policies for the progress of women, children, and tribal people, etc.

(2) Why do we celebrate 26th January as Republic Day ?

Ans: The country began to be governed according to the provisions of the constitution on January 26, 1950. The Indian Republic came into existence on this day. As a result, January 26 is designated as “Republic Day.” 

(3) What are the advantages of running a country as per the provisions of the Constitution?

Ans:

i) When government functions within a set of rules, it reduces the possibility of misuse of the powers and authorities given.

ii) People’s rights and freedoms are safeguarded.

iii) There is no scope for the misuse of power or for high-handed administration.

iv) As the faith of the common people in the government increases and they then become keen on participating in the activities of the government, democracy is strengthened.

v) It creates an atmosphere conducive to attaining world peace, security, and the preservation of human rights.