(B) Write short notes on –

(1) India’s imports and exports.

Ans: 

(i) When goods and services are produced in one country but purchased by another country, this is called an export system.

(ii) The purchasing of goods and services from a foreign country is called import system.

(iii) After the establishment of the planning commission and due to industrial growth, the requirement for industrial goods and raw materials greatly increased in India.

(iv) For that, India started importing machines, iron, mineral oil, fertilisers, medicines, etc.

(v) After independence, India gave impetus to its exporting system.

(vi) India started exporting tea, coffee, spices, cotton textiles, leather, footwear, pearls, precious stones, etc.

(2) The internal trade of India.

Ans:

(i) Due to internal trading, India witnessed the development of the industrial sector.

(ii) Commodities like coal, cotton, cotton textiles, rice, wheat, raw jute, iron, steel, oilseeds, salt, sugar, etc. are included in internal trade.

(iii) For internal trading, railways, waterways, roads, airports, etc., and ports like Mumbai, Kolkata, Cochi, and Chennai are used.

(iv) Due to this development, many employment opportunities are now available, which helps in the progress of the country.

3. Explain the following statements with reasons.

(1) The tourism industry has developed a lot in India.

Ans: 

(i) India has a rich cultural heritage. There are places of worship of different religions, pilgrimage centers, confluences of rivers, forts, caves, etc. all over our country.

(ii) Tourists from our country as well as from abroad travel to India throughout the year.

(iii) The facilities for tourists to stay, travel, etc. are provided through the Tourism Development Corporation.

(iv) The sale of curios and the hotel industry thrive in tourist places.

(v) In some places, there are guides who give information to tourists about that area.

(vi) Sometimes, when vehicles don’t reach the destination in some remote areas or difficult-to-reach tourist places, the local people help the tourists in return for a fee. Thus, employment opportunities are generated out of these needs.

(2) The quality of life and standard of living of Indian citizens is increasing.

Ans: 

(i) After India became independent, the Industrial Finance Corporation of India was established in 1948 to make long-term loans available to industrial projects.

(ii) The Industrial Development Corporation was established in 1954 in order to bring about greater development of the industrial sector.

(iii) Due to the development of industries, many opportunities for employment become available.

(iv) On the whole, it helps in the progress of the country.

(v) Thus, the standard of living in the country improves.

4. Answer the following questions in detail.

(1) What efforts are made by our government to promote agricultural industries?

Ans: The following efforts are made by our government to promote agriculture and industries:

(i) To encourage farming, loans are given to farmers through rural banks and cooperative institutions.

(ii) Study visits, agricultural outdoor trips, and farmers’ get-togethers are organised through the Panchayat Samitis to bring about improvements in agriculture.

(iii) Tools and implements, seeds, and fertilisers are also supplied. The farmers are given training regarding soil testing, nurseries of fruit plants, pisciculture, poultry, cattle and goat rearing, dairy farming, etc.

(iv) Guidance is given to farmers by a district-level training institute. Financial assistance is given to build warehouses for storing farm produce.

(2) How is employment generated in the tourism sector?

Ans: 

(i) The facilities for tourists to stay, travel, etc. are provided through the Tourism Development Corporation.

(ii) The sale of curios and the hotel industry thrive in tourist places.

(iii) In some places, there are guides who give information to tourists about that area.

(iv) Sometimes, when vehicles don’t reach the destination in some remote areas or difficult-to-reach tourist places, the local people help the tourists in return for a fee. Thus, employment opportunities are generated out of these needs.

(3) Which industries in India are based on forests?

Ans: 

(i) The government has reserved some forests for industries based on forests.

(ii) The task of conservation of the forests is done by the central government, the state government, and the local people.

(iii) Forests are necessary for the raw materials needed by industries like construction, paper, newsprint, silk, matchboxes, medicinal herbs, honey, lacquer, and the raw material needed for paint.

(4) Write a short note on leather industry in India.

Ans:

(i) The leather industry is a sector where a broad range of goods, such as leather footwear, leather bags, and leather garments, are produced.

(ii) The raw material used in the leather industry is derived from the waste products of the food industry, specifically from meat processing.

(iii) The leather industry in India is an employment-focused industry, providing jobs to about 4.42 million people.

(iv) India is the 2nd largest producer of footwear, the 2nd largest exporter of leather garments, and the 5th largest exporter of leather goods.