1. Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the statements.

(1) This country is not a permanent member of United Nations Security Council –

(a) America 

(b) Russia

(c) Germany 

(d) China

Ans: (c) Germany 

(2) This international organisation conducts workshops in India on remedial measures to tackle the problem of malnutrition among children –

(a) UNICEF 

(b) UNESCO

(c) Trusteeship Council

(d) Redcross

Ans: (a) UNICEF 

(3) The number of members of the United Nations –

(a) 190 

(b) 193

(c) 198 

(d) 199

Ans: (b) 193

2. State whether the following statements are true or false. Give reasons for your answer.

(1) The United Nations General Assembly is a platform to discuss global problems.

Ans: True

Reason:

(i) Every year, the General Assembly meets in its session. During the session, the General Assembly discusses important issues like the environment, disarmament, etc.

(ii) The significance of the General Assembly lies in its being a platform for representatives of member nations to come together and discuss and make policy decisions on issues of global importance.

(2) The status of all the member nations of the United Nations is not equal.

Ans: False

Reason:

(i) As mentioned in the principles of the UN, all member nations have the same status.

(ii) There is no discrimination among nations based on geography, economics, or military power.

(3) A resolution can be passed even if China exercises its veto power.

Ans: False

Reason: 

(i) China is one of the five permanent members of the UN, and the permanent members have veto power.

(ii) If even one of the five permanent members uses its veto, i.e., gives a negative vote, the decision cannot be taken. 

(4) India has played a major role in the work of the United Nations.

Ans: True

Reason:

(i) India has always sent troops to participate in the United Nations peacekeeping forces.

(ii) India has participated in bringing issues like decolonization, disarmament, and racial segregation to the United Nations platform.

3. Explain the following concepts.

(1) Veto

Ans:

(i) The Security Council has 15 members; five permanent members and 10 non-permanent members.

(ii) For any decision to be taken, the assent of all five permanent members and four non-permanent members is necessary.

(iii) America, Russia, England, France, and China are permanent members of the Security Council. They have veto power.

(iv) If even one of the five permanent members uses its veto, i.e., gives a negative vote, the decision cannot be taken.

(2) UNICEF

Ans: 

(i) UNICEF is an affiliated organisation of the United Nations.

(ii) It works towards making nutritious food and health care available to children.

(iii) Several workshops were organised in India to find out measures to overcome malnutrition among babies and children. 

4. Answer in brief.

(1) Write the reasons for the establishment of the United Nations. 

Ans:

(i) Two world wars were fought at the beginning of the twentieth century. Life and property were destroyed on a large scale in these wars.

(ii) As a result of establishing world peace, the League of Nations was established after the First World War, and the United Nations was established after the Second World War.

(iii) The League of Nations did not succeed at all.

(iv) After the use of nuclear weapons in the Second World War, the United Nations was established to instill the understanding among all nations that destructive wars should be stopped and that it is the collective responsibility of all nations to do so.

(vi) Hence, the United Nations was established to ensure peace and security at the international level.

(2) What is the role of the Peacekeeping Forces of the United Nations.

Ans: 

(i) The peacekeeping activity of the United Nations involves creating appropriate circumstances favourable for bringing about permanent peace in strife-torn areas.

(ii) The peacekeeping forces help these areas progress towards peace.

(iii) In conflict-ridden areas, security is provided, and at the same time, help is extended for establishing peace.

(iv) The United Nations takes up peacekeeping as one of its tasks for safeguarding and fostering peace in the world.

(3) Write the objectives of the United Nations.

Ans: 

The United Nations has its own definite objectives, which are as follows:

(i) To establish friendly relations among nations.

(ii) To enhance international security by solving international disputes.

(iii) To safeguard and foster human rights and freedom.

(iv) Along with these, the United Nations also aims at enhancing economic cooperation at the international level.

5. Complete the following activity as per the given instructions.

(1) Complete the following chart giving information about the organs of the United Nations.