Chapter 2 - India : Events after 1960
1. (A) Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the statements.
(1) The Prime Minister of India who took an initiative in resolving the question of the Tamil minority in Sri Lanka was ________.
(a) Rajiv Gandhi
(b) Indira Gandhi
(c) H. D. Devegowda
(d) P. V. Narasimha Rao
Ans: Option (a) – Rajiv Gandhi
(2) ________ is the father of the Green Revolution in India.
(a) D. R. Verghese Kurien
(b) Homi Bhabha
(c) M. S. Swaminathan
(d) Dr Norman Borlaug
Ans: Option (c) – M. S. Swaminathan
(B) Identify and write the wrong pair.
(1) Indira Gandhi
(2) Rajiv Gandhi
(3) P. V. Narasimha Rao
(4) Chandrashekhar
– National Emergency
– Development in science and technology
– Economic improvements
– Mandal Commission
Ans: The wrong pair is Chandrashekhar – Mandal Commission
Reason: Chandrashekhar had a Short lived Government.
2. Complete the activity as per given instruction.
(A) Based on the information in the chapter, prepare a chronological chart of Prime Ministers and their tenure.
Ans:
(i) Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru – 1947 to 1964
(ii) Lal Bahadur Shastri – 1964 to 1966
(iii) Indira Gandhi – 1966 to 1977
(iv) Morarji Desai – 1977 to 1979
(v) Charan Singh – 1979 to 1980
(vi) Indira Gandhi – 1980 to 1984
(vii) Rajiv Gandhi – 1984 to 1989
(viii) Vishwanath Pratap Singh – 1989 to 1990
(ix) Chandra Shekhar – 1990 to 1991
(x) P. V. Narasimha Rao – 1991 to 1996
(xi) Atal Bihari Vajpayee – 1996
(xii) H.D. Deve Gowda – 1996 to 1997
(xiii) Inder Kumar Gujral – 1997 to 1998
(xiv) Atal Bihari Vajpayee – 1998 to 2004
(xv) Dr. Manmohan Singh – 2004 to 2014
(xvi) Narendra Damodardas Modi – 2014 to Incumbent
(B) Write short notes on-
(1) Globalisation
Ans:
(i) Globalization brought about many changes in different fields like the economy, politics, science and technology, and society and culture.
(ii) India has emerged as an important country on the global scene in different spheres.
(iii) India is an important member of international organizations like the G-20 and the BRICS’ (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa).
(iv) India has experienced an important revolution in the field of telecommunication technology.
(v) Mobile phones, the internet, and communication facilities based on satellite have spread all across the country.
(vi) It has resulted in a total transformation in the lifestyle of Indians, especially the youth.
(vii) These changes are visible in their dietary habits, clothing, language, and beliefs.
(2) White Revolution
Ans:
(i) The White Revolution is a major event in India’s efforts towards self-reliance.
(ii) The experiment in cooperative dairy movement by Dr. Verghese Kurien led to an increase in milk production in India.
(iii) This is called the ‘White Revolution’.
3. Give reasons.
(1) The Morarji Desai government lasted for a short while.
Ans:
(i) Against the backdrop of the emergency, many opposition parties came together and formed a party called the Janata Party.
(ii) The Congress Party led by Indira Gandhi was roundly defeated by this newly formed Janata Party’.
(iii) Morarji Desai became Prime Minister, but under his leadership, the Janata Party government couldn’t last long due to internal differences.
(iv) Hence, the Morarji Desai government lasted for a short while.
(2) The army had to be sent into the Golden Temple in Amritsar.
Ans:
(i) The Sikhs in Punjab demanded an independent state of Khalistan and began a movement that went on to become violent and destructive.
(ii) Pakistan had lent its support to this movement.
(iii) Some terrorists had allegedly taken shelter inside the Golden Temple at Amritsar, a holy shrine of the Sikhs, in 1984.
(iv) Hence, the Indian army was sent into the Golden Temple in Amritsar to evict the terrorists who had taken shelter there.
(3) The National Planning Commission was set up in India.
Ans:
(i) India wanted to acquire modernity and self-reliance by establishing industries.
(ii) India wanted to establish an economy based on social justice through planning.
(iii) For this, the National Planning Commission was established. This would coordinate development through the policy of five-year plans.
4. Answer the following questions in detail.
(1) How was 1991 a year of important changes in the history of the world and of India?
Ans:
(i) The year 1991 is held to be very important in the history of the world as well as India.
(ii) The Soviet Union disintegrated into several different small countries, and the Cold War came to an end.
(iii) During this period, the Ram Janma Bhumi and Babri Mosque issues at Ayodhya came to the forefront.
(iv) In India, the government, under the leadership of Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao, initiated many changes in the Indian economy.
(v) These economic reforms are called economic liberalization. The Indian economy flourished as a result of the implementation of this policy.
(vi) Skilled Indian professionals helped reform the Indian economy. The field of information technology opened several avenues for employment in the country.
(vii) The changes after 1991 are also described as ‘globalization’.
(2) What are the characteristics of the Indian economy?
Ans:
(i) Right from independence, the modernisation of economy, economic self-sufficiency and social justice have been the characteristics of the Indian economy.
(ii) India wanted to acquire modernity and self- reliance by establishing industries.
(iii) It wanted to establish an economy based on social justice through planning. (iv) For this, the National Planning Commission was established that would coordinate development through the policy of Five Year Plans.
5. With the help of the information in the chapter, complete the list of the challenges before India and the strengths of India.
| The challenges in front of India | Strengths |
|---|---|
For example, India-Pakistan war | Unity in diversity |
________ | ________ |
________ | Nuclear preparedness |
Separatism | ________ |
Ans:
| The challenges in front of India | Strengths |
|---|---|
For example, India-Pakistan war | Unity in diversity |
Cross – Border Terrorism | Membership in G20 and BRICS |
Corruption | Nuclear preparedness |
Separatism | Establishment of National Planning Commission |