Chapter 8 – Industries
1. Mark ✓ in the box next to the right alternative
(A) Which factor amongst those mentioned below does not directly impact industrial development?
(i) Water
(ii) Electricity
(iii) Labor
(iv) Air
Ans: Option (iv) – Air
(B) Which of the following is a small industry?
(i) Machine parts
(ii) Book binding industry
(iii) Silk Industry
(iv) Sugar industry
Ans: Option (ii) – Book binding industry
(C) Which of the following cities is not an IT Centre?
(i) Old Delhi
(ii) New Delhi
(iii) Noida
(iv) Bengaluru
Ans: Option (i) – Old Delhi
(D) An amount of 2% of the profits have to be utilized for which purpose by industries?
(i) Income Tax
(ii) Corporate Social Responsibility
(iii) Goods and Service Tax
(iv) Sales Tax
Ans: Option (ii) – Corporate Social Responsibility
2. State whether the following statements are true or false. Correct the incorrect statements.
(a) Small and medium industries of a country are harmful to heavy industries.
Ans: Incorrect.
Correct statement: Small and medium industries of a country are supportive to heavy industries.
(b) The level of industrialization is an indicator of the economic development of a country.
Ans: Correct.
(c) The aim of the industrial development corporations is to decentralize industrialization.
Ans: Correct.
(d) Corporate social responsibility is compulsory for every industrialist.
Ans: Incorrect.
Correct statement: Corporate social responsibility is not compulsory for every industry.
3. Answer the following questions in three to four lines.
(a) What are the facilities provided by the government to industrial estates?
Ans: The following are the facilities provided by the government to industrial estates:
(i) The government gives concessional rates to the estates for electricity, water, and taxes.
(ii) Estates are also provided pieces of land at concessional rates by the government.
(b) Write in your own words how industrial development impacts national development.
Ans:
(i) Industrial development generates employment opportunities;
(ii) Due to an increased employment level, people get jobs and per capita income increases. This further increases the standard of living for people.
(iii) Industrial development increases the value of the Gross National Product.
(iv) Industrial development increases the production of various goods. By exporting the surplus goods, a country can earn foreign exchange. In this way, industrial development positively impacts national development.
(c) Give your opinion in short on the usefulness of Corporate Social Responsibility.
Ans:
(i) Corporate social responsibility is the responsibility shown by industrialists by working for the betterment of society and conserving the environment.
(ii) Industries making annual profits of more than Rs 5 crore are expected to spend 2% of their profits on some of the following:
(a) Providing educational or health facilities.
(b) Establishing centres for mentally or physically challenged people, widows, and other needy people.
(c) Developing a particular village or region.
(d) Establishing environmental development centres, etc.
(iii) Corporate social responsibility increases the welfare of people and thus proves beneficial to society.
(d) Mention three features of small industries.
Ans: Three features of small industries are as follows:
(i) Small industries require a comparatively lower amount of inputs like capital, machinery, and manpower.
(ii) Small industries require comparatively fewer premises for their day-to-day operations.
(iii) Generally, the goods produced in small industries have local or regional markets.
4. Write detailed answers to the following questions.
(a) Explain the factors affecting industrial development.
Ans: The factors affecting industrial development are as follows:
(i) Scientific and technological advancement, quantity and quality of labour, speedy transportation facilities, ready markets, availability of raw materials, government policies, political stability, etc. are factors that influence the industrial development of a nation.
(ii) For example, dense forest areas, mountainous areas, and desert regions have extreme physiographic features. Transport facilities are found to be limited in such regions. Therefore, industrial development is found to be limited in such regions.
(iii) For example, agriculture is developed on a large scale in the fertile plains and the regions of moderate rainfall. Agriculture provides raw materials to many industries. Therefore, industrial development is found to be high in such regions.
(b) State the advantages of the Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation.
Ans:
(i) It provides businesses with infrastructure and transportation facilities such as land, roads, water supply, drainage facilities, and street lights.
(ii) Many industrial hubs, IT corridors, and airports have been developed through the MIDC.
(iii) More development in industrial units will ensure more growth in the economy. The growth is ensured by emphasising more employment opportunities in the state.
(iv) MIDC makes the state more favourable for industrial and business development.
(v) More business attracts foreign investment to start new industries and businesses.
(c) Explain the importance of the I. T. Industry.
Ans:
(i) The information technology industry includes various components like searching for technical information, obtaining information, analysing information, compiling information, creating graphic presentations of information, and providing information.
(ii) The information technology industry provides various types of information through the internet on computers, mobiles, and other devices. This industry provides information at comparatively less cost, time, and effort.
(iii) The obtained information can be used for personal, economic, social, cultural, etc. development. India has made rapid progress in this industry.
(d) Considering India’s population, the development of industries is a good solution to the problem of unemployment. Explain.
Ans:
(i) According to the Census of 2011, the population of India was nearly 121 crore.
(ii) In India, the majority of people are engaged in agriculture. In India, agriculture is seasonal by nature. Therefore, the unemployment rate is found to be high in India. Therefore, it is essential to develop industries in India.
(iii) By developing small industries, unemployed people will get employment opportunities. Small industries will help provide jobs to less skilled and less educated people.
(iv) By developing medium and large industries in rural areas, the process of urbanisation can be boosted in villages. It will also restrict the migration of people from villages to towns and cities. The employment level in a nation can be raised by developing industries.
(v) Thus, considering India’s population, the development of industries is a good solution to the problem of unemployment.
5. Prepare a flow chart for the following statements.
(a) The journey of clothes we use from the farm to ourselves.
Ans:
(b) Essential factors for the location of any one industry.
Ans:
6. Highlight the differences.
(a) Medium industries – heavy industries
Ans:
| Heavy industries | Medium industries |
|---|---|
(i) Heavy industries need huge capital investments. Therefore, the cost of capital will be higher. | (i) Medium-sized industries need only low capital investment. Then the cost of capital will be lower. |
(ii) The output will be higher. More output can be produced in these industries. | (ii) The output production will be lower compared to heavy industries. |
(iii) Labor involvement will be lower because of the use of machines in the industries. | (iii) There will be more labour involved because of the lack of machinery and low investment. |
(iv) The location of the heavy industries must be according to their needs and near the raw materials. | (iv) It doesn't need any specific location or condition. |
(b) Agro based industries – Information Technology industries.
Ans:
| Agro based industries | Information technology |
|---|---|
(i) In the agricultural industry, fertile land is the base for the agro-based industry. | (i) Computers and the internet are the foundation of the IT industry. |
(ii) There is less need for skilled labour in the agricultural industry. | (ii) A skilled and specialised technician is needed in the IT industry. |
(iii) Less need for capital investment Investment is needed only for fertile land and agricultural equipment. | (iii) A high capital investment is required for investing in land, computers, and other technical equipment. |
(iv) Knowledge about the traditional system of agriculture is a pre-requisite for employment. | (iv) Excellence in the related technical field is the pre-requisite for selecting the employees. |