Chapter 7 - Non-co-operation Movement
1. Rewrite the statements by choosing the appropriate options.
(1) Gandhiji began his career from the country of ……………… .
(a) India
(b) England
(c) South Africa
(d) Myanmar
Ans: Option (c) South Africa
(2) The farmers started the no-tax movement in the district of ……….. .
(a) Gorakhpur
(b) Kheda
(c) Solapur
(d) Amravati
Ans: Option (b) Kheda
(3) As a protest to Jallianwala Baug massacre, Rabindranath Tagore returned the title of ………… bestowed upon him by the British Government.
(a) Lord
(b) Sir
(c) Raobahadur
(d) Raosaheb
Ans: Option (b) Sir
2. Answer the following questions in one sentence.
(1) Which restriction were put up on the Blacks in South Africa according to the declaration of 1906?
Ans: In 1906, the government declared that the Blacks in South Africa should compulsorily carry an identity card. This was the restriction imposed on their freedom.
(2) Where did Gandhiji launch the first Satyagraha in India?
Ans: The first Satyagraha in India was launched by Gandhiji at Champaran in Bihar in 1917.
(3) Which officer gave orders of firing in the Jallianwala Baug?
Ans: General Dyer gave orders of firing in the Jallianwala Baug.
3. Answer the following questions in 25-30 words.
(1) Explain the philosophy of Satyagraha.
Ans:
(i) Satyagraha, a novel technique, means insistence on truth.
(ii) The aim of Satyagraha was to make the unjust person aware of truth and justice and also to transform his views.
(iii) A Satyagrahi should never use violence or untruthful means.
(2) Why was the Swaraj Party established?
Ans:
(i) The members of the Indian National Congress, like Motilal Nehru and Chittaranjan Das, had the idea to contest elections and enter the Legislative Assembly and Provincial Legislative Council to obstruct the working of the government and oppose its unjust policies.
(ii) Therefore, they formed the Swaraj Party in 1922.
4. Explain the following statements with reasons.
(1) Rowlatt Act was opposed by the people of India.
Ans:
(i) The Rowlatt Act was enacted to suppress the growing discontent among the Indians and suggest measures about it.
(ii) This Act authorized the government to arrest any Indian and imprison him without trial or warrant.
(iii) There was no provision for an appeal against the punishment given under the Act.
(iv) Due to such unjust provisions in the Rowlatt Act, it was opposed by the people of India and called ‘Black Act’.
(2) Gandhiji suspended the Non-cooperation Movement.
Ans:
(i) In February 1922, the police opened fire on a peaceful procession at Chauri-Chaura in Gorakhpur district of Uttar Pradesh.
(ii) In retaliation to this, the enraged mob set fire to the police station in Chauri- Chaura.
(iii) Twenty-two policemen, including one officer, were killed in this incident.
(iv) This incident hurt Gandhiji. So he decided to suspend the Non-cooperation Movement on February 12, 1922.
(3) The Indians boycotted the Simon Commission.
Ans:
(i) The reforms introduced by the Montague-Chelmsford Act of 1919 were unsatisfactory.
(ii) It created discontent among Indians. The British Government appointed the Simon Commission under the chairmanship of Sir John Simon in 1927.
(iii) There was not a single Indian member on the commission. In protest of this, the Congress boycotted the Simon Commission.
(4) Khilafat Movement was started in India.
Ans:
(i) The ruler of Turkey was regarded as the Khalifa, or religious head, of Muslims all over the world.
(ii) To get the support of Indian Muslims, in the First World War, the British gave false assurances of not harming the Khalifa’s empire after the war.
(iii) But they did not keep their word. It caused resentment among Indian Muslims.
(iv) So they started the Khilafat Movement.