1. Name them.

(1) They came from Afghanistan …

Ans: Pathans

(2) They settled at the foothills of the Himalayas…

Ans: Rohillas

(3) The brother of Nanasaheb Peshwa…

Ans: Raghunathrao

(4) The chief of Jats at Mathura…

Ans: Surajmal Jat

(5) Defeated Nijam at Rakshasbhuvan near Paithan…

Ans: Peshwa Madhavrao

2. Write in brief about.

(1) Raising the Maratha standard at Attock.

Ans:

a) Ahmadshah Abdali had invaded India at the behest of Najibkhan and captured Delhi. Thereafter, he returned to Afghanistan with a huge booty.

b) Raghunathrao and Malharrao Holkar recaptured Delhi, and by driving out Abdali’s officers, they captured Punjab.

c) The Marathas pursued Abdali’s army right up to Attock in 1758.

d) Thus, the Maratha standard was raised at Attock.

(2) Conflict with the Afghans

Ans:

a) Ahmadshah Abdali, the ruler of Afghanistan, was attracted by the riches of India.

b) Taking care of the weaknesses of the Mughals, Abdali captured Punjab in 1752.

c) Fearing the invasion of Abdali, the Mughal emperor sought the help of the Marathas.

d) Raghunathrao, Jayappa Shinde, and Malharrao Holkar undertook the campaign in North India.

e) Thereafter, Dattaji Shinde and Janakoji Shinde were sent to the north to get a firm hold over Punjab.

f) At the request of Najibkhan, Abdali invaded India again. The confrontation between Abdali and Dattaji Shinde took place at Buradi Ghat. Dattaji Shinde met a heroic death.

g) Abdali invaded India again and captured Delhi. After his return to Afghanistan, Raghunathrao recaptured Delhi and pursued Abdali’s army right up to Attock 

h) The Third Battle of Panipat in 1761 was the last confrontation between Abdali and the Marathas, in which the Marathas were defeated.

(3) The after effects of the battle of Panipat.

Ans:

a) A whole generation of young Maratha men and many brave Sardars were killed on the battlefield.

b) The prestige of the Marathas suffered a severe setback.

c) The Nizam once again resumed his anti-Maratha activities and invaded Maratha territory.

d) Hyder Ali attacked the Maratha territory in Karnataka.

3. Arrange chronologically.

(1) The battle of Rakshasbhuvan.

(2) The death of Tipu Sultan.

(3) The death of Madhavrao Peshwa

(4) The battle of Panipat

(5) The battle of Buradi Ghat

Ans: 

The battle of Buradi Ghat

The battle of Panipat

The battle of Rakshabhuvan

The death of Madhavrao Peshwa

The death of Tipu Sultan

4. Find the names of people in the chapter:

N _ n _ _ _ _ _ _

D _ _ _ _ _ _

N _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Ans:

N a n a s a h e b

D a t t a j i

N a j i b k h a n