1. Answer each of the following questions in one sentence.

(a) Where did the people in the New Stone Age establish their village-settlements?

Ans: The people of the New Stone Age established their village settlements on the banks of various rivers.

(b) What articles were the Harappan craftsmen skilled at making? 

Ans: The Harappan craftsmen were highly skilled in making bronze objects and beads from semi-precious stones of different colours.

2. Answer the following questions in brief.

(a) What are some of the well-known characteristics of Harappan cities?

Ans: The well-known characteristics of Harappan cities are:

1. Systematic town planning

2. The houses were built in blocks created by parallel roads that crossed each other at right angles.

3. Huge granaries and spacious houses.

4. Concern for public hygiene is indicated by bathrooms and latrines in every house and a covered drainage system.

5. Carefully constructed private and public wells.

6. The city was divided into two to four parts, each having a separate fortification.

(b) What made the soil on the banks of the Nile fertile?

Ans: 

1. The River Nile gets flooded every year.

2. The land along her banks has become very fertile due to flood deposits.

3. Small embankments were built on the river to store the floodwater.

4. After the soil in the flood water settled to the bottom, the water was used for irrigation.

3. Complete the following chart.