Floods and famines are natural disasters that create serious problems for many countries. Human beings can do only a limited amount to control them. Many parts of India face difficulties because of floods or famines. During floods, villages may get badly damaged or even washed away. During famines, people often suffer from hunger and lack of basic necessities.

Floods are usually caused by heavy rainfall or by the melting of large amounts of snow and ice in the mountains. At times, they may also result from damaged or overflowing dams. Rivers rise above their normal levels and spread into nearby areas. Floodwaters destroy crops, damage houses and uproot trees. People and animals can be carried away by the strong currents. Floods are often followed by the spread of diseases, which may lead to the loss of many lives. Very little rainfall or a complete failure of the monsoon can cause drought or famine. Crop failure and shortage of drinking water bring great hardship to people.

Fortunately, the government today responds more quickly during such emergencies. It provides food, shelter and other relief to affected people. In many cases, the army and disaster-response teams are called in to help with rescue operations.

The government has also set up flood-control measures. It works to reduce the harmful effects of excessive rainfall by building dams, canals and better water-management systems. Efforts are also made to connect major rivers where possible. These steps can reduce the impact of floods and famines, though they cannot prevent them completely. Efficient transport and communication systems also play an important role in providing timely help.