In 2021, scientists discovered the world’s smallest reptile, Brookesia nana, a species of chameleon found in the rainforests of northern Madagascar. This tiny reptile, often referred to as B. nana, has garnered significant attention due to its incredibly diminutive size. Adult males measure just around 13.5 mm from snout to vent, and about 22 mm including the tail, making it small enough to comfortably fit on a fingertip. Females are slightly larger, reaching up to 19 mm in body length.

Brookesia nana, or the nano-chameleon, is part of the Brookesia genus, known for their miniature size and camouflage abilities. These chameleons exhibit remarkable color-changing skills, blending seamlessly into their leaf litter habitat, which provides protection against predators. Despite their small stature, they possess the distinctive characteristics of their larger chameleon relatives, such as a prehensile tail and independently moving eyes.

The discovery of Brookesia nana was made by a team of herpetologists led by Dr. Andolalao Rakotoarison, who was conducting biodiversity surveys in Madagascar. The identification of this species adds to the rich biodiversity of Madagascar, an island renowned for its unique flora and fauna. It also highlights the importance of conservation efforts in the region, as many species remain undiscovered and are potentially at risk due to habitat destruction and climate change.

The nano-chameleon’s discovery underscores the vast, yet largely unexplored diversity of life on Earth, reminding us of the continuous need for scientific exploration and conservation. As the smallest known reptile, Brookesia nana exemplifies the extraordinary adaptability of life, surviving and thriving in the dense, competitive ecosystems of Madagascar’s rainforests.