Chapter 3

Maharashtra Board Textbook Solutions for Standard Eleven (Commerce)

Chapter 5

Chapter 4 - The Economy of Maharashtra

EXERCISE

Q. 1. Give economic terms :

1) Investments done by foreign companies in our country

Ans: Liberalisation

 

2) Programme for development of small, medium and micro industries.

Ans: MSICDP

 

3) Basic requirement for facilitating production and distribution of goods and services for economic development.

Ans: Social infrastructure

 

4) Movement that promotes values of self-help democracy and equality.

Ans: Co-operative movement

Q. 2. Find the odd word out :

1) Agricultural Indebtedness, dry farming, lack of capital, engineering

Ans: Engineering

 

2) Tourism, Banking, Automobile Production, Insurance

Ans: Automobile Production

 

3) Pune, Hyderabad, Nasik, Nagpur

Ans: Hyderabad

 

4) MTDC, MAITRI, SEZ, MIDC

Ans: MTDC

 

5) Primary education, Hospitality, Higher education, Skill based education.

Ans: Hospitality

Q. 3. Identify and explain the concepts from the given illustrations :

1) To facilitate research in robotic technology, Japan has invested 1000 crores in India

Ans: Liberalisation – Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

 

After the Liberalisation Act was introduced in 1991, it became easier for foreign companies to invest in Indian industries. As a result, Japan invested ₹1000 crores in India. By September 2017, Maharashtra had received ₹6,11,760 crores as foreign direct investment.

 

2) Prajakta and her family visited the beaches during her eight-day Diwali vacation.

Ans: Tourism

 

Tourism is the business of planning and offering holiday trips. The tourism department works to bring more visitors to Maharashtra, which helps the state earn money. To support this, the government introduced the Maharashtra Tourism Policy in 2016.

 

3) Pravin from Latur works as a technician in the films division at Mumbai city.

Ans: Entertainment Industry

 

Maharashtra’s entertainment industry provides jobs to many people. For example, Pravin moved to Mumbai and started working as a technician in the film division.

 

4) Rani Gond from Chandrapur works as a hostess with the Mumbai-Goa cruise ship.

Ans: Hospitality

 

Hospitality means warmly welcoming and taking care of guests, visitors, or strangers. It is a large and growing industry. In Maharashtra, hospitality has grown quickly because tourism has developed a lot.

Q. 4. Distinguish between :

1) Economic Infrastructure and Social infrastructure

Ans:

Economic Infrastructure Social Infrastructure
1. Economic infrastructure refers to the basic systems that support the production and distribution of goods and services.
1. Social infrastructure refers to the essential services and facilities that enhance the well-being and quality of life for individuals.
2. It includes systems like telecommunication, transportation, energy, and electricity.
2. It includes services like health care, education, and housing.
3. It plays a crucial role in boosting productivity and supporting business and industrial growth.
3. It helps in building human capital and raising the overall standard of living.
4. Investment in economic infrastructure directly fuels economic development and growth.
4. Investment in social infrastructure promotes long-term, inclusive, and sustainable progress.

2) Agriculture sector and Service sector

Ans:

Agricultural Sector Service Sector
1. The agricultural sector is part of the primary industry, focusing on producing raw materials and food.
1. The service sector is part of the tertiary industry, providing various services to people and businesses.
2. Examples include farming, fishing, hunting, and mining.
2. Examples include restaurants, tourism, banking, and insurance.
3. It is highly influenced by natural factors such as weather, soil, and climate.
3. It relies more on human expertise, technology, and developed infrastructure.
4. It provides the basic materials that industries need to manufacture goods.
4. It aids other sectors by providing essential services like transportation, finance, and communication.

3) Tourism and Hospitality

Ans:

Tourism Hospitality
1. Tourism is about people traveling for fun, leisure, or adventure.
1. Hospitality is about welcoming and taking care of guests with warmth and kindness.
2. It includes planning trips, visiting places, sightseeing, and camping.
2. It includes services like hotels, restaurants, and event arrangements for guests.
3. Tourism is centered around exploring new places and cultures.
3. Hospitality is centered around guest satisfaction and comfort.
4. Tourism depends on hospitality to give travelers a good experience.
4. Hospitality supports tourism by offering good service, food, and stay.

4) Education and Health services

Ans:

Education Health Services
1. Education involves teaching, learning, and helping people gain knowledge and skills.
1. Health services involve providing medical care to people through doctors, nurses, and health professionals.
2. It supports personal growth and development through learning.
2. It focuses on maintaining physical and mental well-being.
3. Education empowers individuals and helps in building a skilled workforce.
3. Health services improve quality of life and increase life expectancy.
4. Provided by schools, colleges, and universities.
4. Offered through hospitals, clinics, and health centers.

Q. 5. Answer the following :

1) Explain the role of the Co-operative movement in Maharashtra.

Ans: 

(i) Co-operative movement is the greatest contribution given by the state of Maharashtra to the country.

(ii) Co-operative Movement is an effective instrument in the economic development of rural areas and improving socio-economic conditions of the under- privileged in Maharashtra. The basic nature of co-operative societies is to encourage the values of self help, democracy, equality and solidarity.

(iii) Co-operative movement in Maharashtra was confined mainly to the field of agricultural credit but subsequently extended to other sectors such as agro processing, agro marketing, sugar co-operatives, fisheries co-operative societies, co-operative dairy societies, textiles, housing societies, consumer stores, etc.

(iv) As on 31st March 2017, there were about 1.95 lakh co-operative societies in the state with about 5.25 lakh members.

 

2) Explain in detail measures taken by the government for agricultural development of Maharashtra.

Ans: 

(i) Agriculture and allied activities play an important role in the economic development of the state.

(ii) As per Economic Survey of Maharashtra 2017-18, the share of agriculture and allied activities in the total Gross State Value Added (GSVA) was 12.2% during 2016-17 as against 15.3% during 2001-02 which shows a declining trend over the period.

(iii) The following measures were undertaken by the Government for agricultural development (Economic Survey of Maharashtra 2017-18):

a) Distribution of quality seeds at reasonable rates. 

b) Increased number of outlets for fertilizer and pesticide distribution.

c) Development of irrigation facilities. 

d) Electrification of agricultural pumps and efforts to provide ‘electricity on demand’. 

e) Financial assistance as per requirements. 

f) Setting up of Agriculture Produce Marketing Committees (APMC), establishment of agro export zones, horticultural training centres, grading and packing facilities for effective distribution. 

g) Creating awareness about agricultural information through the use of mass media for making agriculture a profit making business.

 

These challenges need to be addressed effectively to ensure balanced and sustainable industrial growth across Maharashtra.

 

3) Explain the major problems in the industrial sector of Maharashtra.

Ans: Maharashtra is an industrially advanced state. Industrial sector plays a major role in the economic development of Maharashtra. It has the potential to absorb excess labour from the farming sector.

(i) Delays in government procedures – Slow approval and clearance processes affect industrial growth.

(ii) Lack of opportunities for skill development – Workers do not get enough chances to improve or learn new skills.

(iii) Lack of updated technology – Many industries still use old methods and machines.

(iv) Lack of infrastructural facilities – Poor roads, electricity, and transport systems create difficulties for industries.

(v) Lack of motivation for new entrepreneurs – New business starters don’t get enough support or encouragement.

(vi) Lack of development programmes – There are not enough plans or schemes to help industries grow.

(vii) Regional imbalance – Industrial development is not equal in all parts of the state; some areas are left behind.

 

4) Explain the measures taken to develop social infrastructure in Maharashtra.

Ans: Social infrastructure is also one of the important components of the economy because it improves the quality of human life as well as stimulates economic development. It not only improves the quality but also gives the power to produce knowledge. Social infrastructure includes literacy programmes, education, public health, housing, drinking water and sanitation.

 

Following are the measures undertaken to develop social infrastructure in Maharashtra:

 

1) Education:

The Government of Maharashtra has taken several steps to develop social infrastructure, especially in education. Education is a key part of human resource development, with focus on primary, secondary, higher secondary, and higher education. Schemes like RTE, SSA, and RMSA aim to improve access and quality. Higher education is expanding through new universities and acts like the Maharashtra Public Universities Act, 2016. Special attention is given to inclusive, girls’, adult, and tribal education through various supportive schemes, such as Ashram Schools and free transport for rural girls. RUSA grants also support research and innovation.

 

2) Health services:

As of March 31, 2017, Maharashtra had 1,814 primary health centres and 360 community health centres. The state focuses on improving rural and urban health through the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) and National Urban Health Mission (NUHM), which cover areas like sanitation, nutrition, and safe drinking water. A three tier health infrastructure is created to provide comprehensive health services. Primary tier includes Primary Health Centres and Community Health Centres. The Secondary tier includes sub district hospitals and district hospitals. The tertiary tier includes well equipped medical colleges and super speciality hospitals located in major cities.

 

3) Tourism:

Maharashtra aims to become a leading tourist destination by 2025 through its Tourism Policy, 2016. The policy focuses on attracting ₹30,000 crore in investments and creating one million jobs. The Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation (MTDC) leads the implementation, organizing events like the Ellora and Elephanta festivals. MTDC also launched the ‘Mahabhraman’ scheme to promote agro-tourism, village tourism, food tourism, safaris, and tribal lifestyles.

 

4) Hospitality:

Hospitality is a broad industry in Maharashtra, driven by tourism growth. It focuses on customer satisfaction and includes sectors like the hotel industry, transportation (airlines, cruises, trains), restaurants, tourism, and event management.

 

5) Entertainment Industry:

Maharashtra plays a significant role in India’s entertainment industry, which produces the largest number of films globally. The sector provides numerous job opportunities, with Kolhapur being notable for regional films. Mumbai, known as ‘Bollywood,’ has a major influence on the global film industry.

 

Maharashtra’s efforts to develop social infrastructure in education, health, tourism, hospitality, and entertainment have greatly boosted its economic growth and improved quality of life, solidifying its position as a leading state in India.

Q. 6. Read the following passage and answer the questions given below :

The Government of India has launched an ambitious programme of ‘Bharatnet’ for rural India by keeping in mind today’s modern era. More than one lakh rural (Gram Panchayat) areas have been connected under Bharatnet high speed broadband scheme. Maharashtra has become the best performing state. East Uttar Pradesh,  Chattisgarh, Rajasthan and Jharkhand have also been placed among the best performing states in the first phase of Bharatnet broadband connection scheme.

 

1) Why did the Government of India launch the Bharatnet project?

Ans: The Government of India launched the Bharatnet project to provide high-speed broadband internet to rural areas, keeping in mind the needs of today’s modern era.

 

2) How many Gram Panchayats have received the Internet service?

Ans: More than one lakh Gram Panchayats have received internet service under the Bharatnet scheme.

 

3) Which states have been placed as the best performing states in the first phase of Bharatnet?

Ans: Maharashtra, East Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, and Jharkhand have been placed among the best performing states.

 

4) ‘The Internet has brought the world closer’ – Express your views on it.

Ans: The Internet has made communication faster and easier, allowing people to connect, share information, and do business across the globe. It helps bridge distances and brings people together, making the world feel smaller and more connected.

IN BETWEEN THE CHAPTER

Think about it :

What will happen if the farmers sell their farm produce without the middlemen?

Ans: 

If farmers sell their farm produce without middlemen, several important changes could happen:

 

Positive Outcomes:

  1. More Profit for Farmers:
     Farmers will get a better price because middlemen won’t take a share of the profit.

  2. Fair Prices for Consumers:
     Without added costs by middlemen, consumers might pay less for the same goods.

  3. Transparency:
     Direct selling builds trust. Farmers and buyers can agree on fair prices more easily.

  4. Encourages Farmer’s Markets & Technology Use:
     Farmers may start using apps, online platforms, or set up direct-sale markets (like Apni Mandi).

 

Possible Challenges:

  1. Lack of Market Access:
     Not all farmers know how or where to sell directly.

  2. Storage & Transportation Issues:
     Middlemen often handle transport and cold storage — farmers may struggle with this.

  3. Time-Consuming:
     Direct selling takes time and effort; small farmers may not manage both farming and marketing.

  4. Risk of Low Demand:
     If there aren’t enough buyers directly, farmers may not sell all their produce.

While removing middlemen can benefit farmers financially, proper support (like technology, infrastructure, and education) is needed to make it successful and sustainable.

Find out :

Names of any five enterprises from each category producing the following goods in Maharashtra : 

Chemicals, food processing, textiles, automobile, I.T. and pharmaceuticals.

 

Ans:

1. Chemicals :

a. Pidilite Industries – Adhesives, resins (Mumbai)

b. Deepak Fertilisers and Petrochemicals – Fertilisers, chemicals (Pune)

c. Tata Chemicals – Industrial and consumer chemicals (Mithapur & Mumbai HQ)

d. GHCL Ltd. – Industrial chemicals (Mumbai HQ)

e. Huntsman India – Speciality chemicals (Navi Mumbai)

 

2. Food Processing

a. Parag Milk Foods – Dairy products (Manchar, Pune)

b. Haldiram’s – Packaged snacks and sweets (Nagpur)

c. Britannia Industries – Biscuits and bakery items (Mumbai & Ranjangaon)

d. Nestlé India – Maggi, baby food (Factory near Pune)

e. Godrej Tyson Foods – Processed meat and frozen food (Mumbai)

 

3. Textiles

a. Raymond Ltd. – Garments and fabrics (Thane HQ)

b. Bombay Dyeing – Home textiles (Mumbai)

c. Century Textiles and Industries – Fabrics (Mumbai)

d. Welspun India – Towels and bedsheets (Mumbai HQ)

e. Siyaram’s Silk Mills – Suiting and shirting (Mumbai)

 

4. Automobiles

a. Tata Motors – Commercial and passenger vehicles (Pimpri, Pune)

b. Bajaj Auto – Two and three-wheelers (Chakan, Pune)

c. Mahindra & Mahindra – SUVs and tractors (Nashik & Kandivali)

d. Force Motors – Commercial vehicles (Pune)

e. Mercedes-Benz India – Luxury cars (Chakan, Pune)

 

5. Information Technology (I.T.)

a. TCS (Tata Consultancy Services) – Software services (Mumbai & Pune)

b. Infosys – IT services (Hinjewadi, Pune)

c. Wipro – IT consulting (Pune & Navi Mumbai)

d. Tech Mahindra – Software development (Pune)

e. Capgemini India – IT & digital solutions (Mumbai & Pune)

 

6. Pharmaceuticals

a. Cipla Ltd. – Medicines and inhalers (Mumbai HQ & Pune)

b. Sun Pharma – Generic drugs (Mumbai HQ)

c. Lupin Limited – Pharmaceuticals (Mumbai HQ)

d. Wockhardt Ltd. – Antibiotics and injectables (Aurangabad & Mumbai)

e. Glenmark Pharmaceuticals – Dermatology & respiratory meds (Mumbai HQ)

Try this :

Classify the services mentioned in the previous paragraph into services for business and services for final consumers.

 

Ans:

Services for Business:

  1. Fintech
  2. IT/ITES
  3. Startups
  4. Cloud Computing
  5. Electric Vehicles
  6. Defence

Services for Final Consumers:

  1. Tourism
  2. Private Universities

Find out :

Symbols of the following :

  1. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)
  2. Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA)
  3. Adult Literacy Mission (ALM)

Ans:

1. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)

2. Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA)

Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA)

3. Adult Literacy Mission (ALM)

Adult Literacy Mission (ALM)