9. Using the information given in the passage, write a short note on the following in your mother tongue.

(a) The paintings of Raza 

Ans: 

Sayed Haider Raza was known as an Indian painter who lived and worked in France. He developed the concept of Bindu in his art. Raza’s paintings link to Indian roots and cultural themes. He was the founder of the Raza Foundation in India. Raza’s early works include landscapes, and he then moved to abstraction after that, becoming increasingly influenced by modernist principles.

In Hindi

सैयद हैदर रज़ा एक भारतीय चित्रकार के रूप में जाने जाते थे जो फ्रांस में रहते और काम करते थे।  उन्होंने अपनी कला में बिंदु की अवधारणा को विकसित किया। रज़ा की पेंटिंग भारतीय जड़ों और सांस्कृतिक विषयों से जुड़ती हैं।  वह भारत में रज़ा फाउंडेशन के संस्थापक थे। रज़ा के शुरुआती कार्यों में परिदृश्य शामिल हैं, और उसके बाद वे अमूर्तता में चले गए, आधुनिकतावादी सिद्धांतों से तेजी से प्रभावित हुए।

(b) Gond art.

Ans: Gond art is a type of painting derived from tribal art. It is commonly seen in Maharashtra and Odisha. Gond paintings have a close connection with their natural surroundings. Gond paintings can also take inspiration from the myths and legends of India. Gond paintings are popularly drawn during major festivals like Holi, Diwali, etc.

In Hindi

गोंड कला आदिवासी कला से प्राप्त एक प्रकार की चित्रकला है। यह आमतौर पर महाराष्ट्र और ओडिशा में देखा जाता है। गोंड चित्रों का उनके प्राकृतिक परिवेश से गहरा संबंध है। गोंड पेंटिंग भारत के मिथकों और किंवदंतियों से भी प्रेरणा ले सकती हैं। गोंड पेंटिंग प्रमुख त्योहारों जैसे होली, दिवाली आदि के दौरान लोकप्रिय रूप से खींची जाती हैं।

10. Gather information on any one of the following by talking to your elders, family members and from other sources in your mother tongue and write a short note on it in English.

(i) A special type of embroidery

Ans:

Chikankari

A special type of embroidery Chikankari is a delicate and intricate embroidery style that is believed to have been introduced by Nur Jahan, the wife of Mughal Emperor Jahangir. While the art flourished under the patronage of the Mughals, references to the art have been found as early as the 3rd century BC, with Megasthenes mentioning the use of flowered muslins by Indians. A chikan piece is created by block printing patterns on it. Craftsmen then embroider stitches along the pattern, and the finished piece is later washed to remove traces of the prints. Traditionally, Chikankari began as a type of white-on-white embroidery, but today the craft uses a variety of fabrics and colours. From white thread embroidered on soothing pastels to coloured silk threads, Chikankari has evolved into an art for those with a taste for the finer things.

(ii) A special dish that is prepared on a special occasion at home.

Ans: 

Vegetable Makhani

This is one Indian dish that is cooked on Diwali. In very simple terms, its is a mixture of beans, carrots, peas and cubes of paneer (cottage cheese). This recipe is mainly cooked into a creamy luscious gravy made of freshly ground cashews, yogurt, cream and whole spices.

(iii) Something that you use to decorate your home on special occasions.

Ans:

Rangoli

We use Rangoli to decorate the entrance of our house on the occasion of Diwali. Rangoli is a decorative design which is made using powdered colours. Various designs traditional and modern are outlined using white colour and then various other colours are used to fill them.

11. Read the following from the Language Study pages:

(i) adjective clause

Ans: a clause that functions as an adjective and tells us more about a noun. 

Example: 

This is the house that Jack built.

(ii) adverb clause 

Ans: a clause that functions as an adverb and tells us more about the main verb (action). 

Examples:

You can go out to play after you have done your homework.

(iii) noun clause

Ans: a clause that functions as a noun. (As the subject, object or complement in a sentence.) 

Example: I want to know what you think.

Find one example of each from the passages. (Note the linking word when you do that.)

(i) Adjective Clause – My work is my own inner experience and involvement with the mysteries of nature and form which is expressed in colour, line, space, and light.

Linking word: which

(ii) Adverb Clause – They originate when the artist tries to peep into his own inner mind.

Linking word: when

(iii) Noun Clause – We realise that the painting is a visible form of very deep thought.

Linking word: that