Maharashtra Board Textbook Solutions for Standard Ten

पाठ ७ – फूटप्रिन्टस

Our feet, trapped in the clutches of pollution while employing equipment for material comforts, depict the impending, horrible atmospheric crisis. The author in this lesson advises the readers to adapt healthier ways of living to save our mother earth from increasing global warming, such as using public vehicles for commuting, growing more trees, and so on. While elaborating on the fun aspect of technology, this science fiction makes one ponder the pitfalls of modernization at the same time.

 

Abhishek opened the door, and the maidservant Rekha-mavshi (aunty) entered. She rushed into the kitchen to finish her daily chores. Abhishek had gotten up late today since he and his cousin Sumit, who was visiting him, had stayed back till late at night to work on some projects on his laptop.

 

Suddenly he heard Snehal, his sister, raising her voice on Rekha Mavshi for dirtying the floor, which she was wiping with her own soiled feet! Abhishek entered the hall to find Rekha Mavshi standing in embarrassment and a trail of soiled footprints behind her. Snehal, who was a cleanliness freak, was obviously upset.

 

Rekha Mavshi tried to reason out that she didn’t work in air-conditioned rooms but in soil and dung, and the approach road to her locality was also dug up. So naturally, all that dust dirtied her feet every day, which she could not even wash off often due to the scarcity of water.

 

Hearing that, Snehal felt bad for being rude to Rekha Mavshi and apologized to her. She remembered seeing her worn-out footwear torn. Meanwhile, Pawde’s uncle also arrived to meet Abhishek and Snehal’s father and go to some public functions together. Rekha Mavshi glanced at Pawde’s feet, which looked pretty and rosy—spotless and with no cracks! ‘Soft like butter,’ she thought to herself, and she looked at her own feet, which had developed cracks and had darkened due to the accumulation of dust.

 

Sumit, who had been observing everything so far, said, ‘Uncle, I have created an application (app) programme, that can tell us how muddy our feet are.’ The father shrugged off this idea, saying that we do not need an app for telling such obvious things when our most intelligent human brain can do a better job! He expressed his grudge about how the crazy young generation gives undue importance to technology.

 

Sumit opened the application named ‘Footprints’ on his smartphone and said, “Let us begin with Rekha Mavshi, about whose feet Snehal had expressed her displeasure.”

 

He then asked her a series of questions like where she lived, how far her house was from her place of work, how she commuted daily, and so on.

 

Rekha Mavshi replied that she used to walk all this time, but now she rode on her bicycle, which her son bought for her recently. Sumit went on to record all the information in his app and then asked her how many trees she had planted so far. Rekha Mavshi had planted two trees in front of her small hut. One of which was a neem tree.

 

Everyone, including Rekha Mavshi, was puzzled by this question-answer session. At the end, Sumit pressed some buttons on his mobile, and at once a blue square appeared on the screen, displaying two silvery footprints with a tagline that said, ‘Silver footprints! The most clean footprints!’

 

Everyone was wonder-struck! Sumit exclaimed, “See! How silvery Rekha Mavshi’s feet are, like the crystal clear water of a spring!”

 

“Fuff!” Pawde uncle reacted in a contemptuous tone, glancing at Rekha Mavshi’s feet. Sumit suggested checking his feet on the app. Uncle reluctantly agreed, as he was confident about getting positive results from his undoubtedly soft and clean feet.

 

Sumit asked him the same set of questions as Rekha Mavshi. Pawde’s uncle told him that he commuted by car alone every day as his office was 16 kilometres away from home. When Sumit asked if he had grown any plants, Snehal answered that he always failed to bring soil for Pawde Aunty whenever she asked for it, let alone grow plants himself.

 

As Sumit filled in the information in the app, a blue square flashed, followed by Pawde’s uncle’s footprints: ‘Two blackest feet!’ It said with a footnote, ‘Sorry, you have the dirtiest footprints!’

 

Pawde uncle felt humiliated. He blurted out, “What is this drama? Don’t tell me such virtual tales!”

 

Sumit looked at his displeased face and said in a consoling tone, “Uncle, these prints are not virtual but actual. This app counts the carbon dioxide that we release into the atmosphere daily. In short, it sketches our carbon footprints that we create through our own lifestyle. Every time you come here by car, you release a double amount of carbon into the atmosphere.”

 

Pawde uncle was still not convinced, so Sumit further explained, “This is a scientific fact. When one litre of gasoline is consumed by one vehicle, 2.3 kilograms of carbon dioxide gas are released into the atmosphere.

 

The colour of your footprints depends on that proportion. In Rekha Mavshi’s lifestyle, the question of carbon discharge does not arise at all! Naturally, her feet are more clean and silvery than those of us.”

 

“We worry about the flooring becoming dirty but fail to realize how much we are polluting our environment. We are constantly contributing to global warming with our carbon footprint, due to which Mother Earth is burning at a high temperature. We must wash out this carbon stuck to our feet first.” Snehal said in a choked voice.

 

Abhishek declared, “I shall go to college on my bicycle. I want my footprints to be silvery, just like Rekha Mavshi’s.”

 

Everyone was overwhelmed by Sumit’s app. They realized that we prefer driving motorbikes over walking or cycling to do our errands and later invest extra time in morning walks. Sumit cautioned everyone that our black footprints are not easily erasable. They will fade away only if we add more green colour to our environment by way of planting more trees.

 

Rekha Mavshi, who was listening to all the conversation, silently wiped off the stains on the floor.

 

And for Pawde uncle, he summed up in accordance, “Yes, if we do not act upon it right now, we will remain as humans with dirty feet forever,” and he visualized blooming stars on that blue square piece!

समदा – सर्व. 

भोक्ता – आवड असणारा. 

बक्कळ – पुष्कळ. 

अनाठायी – अयोग्य ठिकाणी. 

टेक्नोसॅव्ही – तंत्रस्नेही. 

निरभ्र – ढग नसलेले. 

वर्ख - अतिशय पातळ पत्रा. 

उत्सर्जन – बाहेर टाकणे. 

अवघं – संपूर्ण, सगळं. 

मळमळ व्यक्त करणे – नाराजी व्यक्त करणे. 

कृती

(१) आकृती पूर्ण करा.

(अ)

IMG 20230810 120046 पाठ ७ – फूटप्रिन्टस

उत्तर:

IMG 20230810 120955 पाठ ७ – फूटप्रिन्टस

(आ)

IMG 20230810 120100 पाठ ७ – फूटप्रिन्टस

उत्तर:

IMG 20230810 121009 पाठ ७ – फूटप्रिन्टस

(२) कारणे लिहा.

(अ) स्नेहल त्रासली, कारण ______

उत्तर: रेखामावशींच्या पायाचे काळे मळकट उसे पुसलेल्या फरशीवर उमटले होते.

 

(आ) पावडेकाकांचा चेहरा पडला, कारण ______

उत्तर: मोबाईल स्क्रीनवर पावडे काकांची काळीकुट्ट पावलं उमटली होती.

 

(इ) रेखामावशीची पावलं अधिक सुंदर आहेत, कारण ______

उत्तर: रेखामावशीच्या रोजच्या जीवनात कार्बन उत्सर्जनाला वावच नाही.

 

(ई) अभिषेकचे बाबा म्हणतात, पब्लिक ट्रान्सपोर्ट इज अ मस्ट, कारण ______

उत्तर: आपल्या पायांना चिकटलेला कार्बन प्रमाणात ठेवणे गरजेचे आहे.

(३) उत्तर लिहा.

(अ) स्नेहलने केलेला निश्चय –

उत्तर: स्नेहलने निश्चय केला की ती आजपासून बसनंच ये-जा करणार.

 

(आ) अभिषेकने केलेला निश्चय –

उत्तर: अभिषेकने निश्चय केला की तो कॉलेजला जाण्यासाठी सायकलचा उपयोग करणार.

(४) पाठातील पात्रांची स्वभाव वैशिष्ट्येलिहून तक्ता पूर्ण करा.

व्यक्ती स्वभाव वैशिष्ट्ये
अभिषेक
सुमित
स्नेहल
पावडेकाका
रेखामावशी

उत्तर:

व्यक्ती स्वभाव वैशिष्ट्ये
अभिषेक
पर्यावरणाबद्दल जागरूक
सुमित
टेक्नोसॅव्ही पर्यावरणप्रेमी
स्नेहल
स्वच्छतेची भोक्ती
पावडेकाका
पर्यावरणाबद्दल उदासीन
रेखामावशी
पर्यावरण संवर्धनास मदत करतात

(५) खालील वाक्यांतील अलंकार ओळखा.

(अ) रेखामावशीचे पाय झऱ्याच्या स्फटिक स्वच्छ पाण्यासारखे.

उत्तर: उपमा अलंकार.

 

(आ) पायपुसणीच्या आकाराचा एक निळा चौकोन उमटला, अगदी आभाळाच्या निरभ्र तुकड्यासारखा.

उत्तर: उपमा अलंकार.

(६) खालील शब्दांचे प्रचलित मराठीत अर्थ लिहा.

(अ) व्हर्च्युअल रिॲलिटी 

उत्तर: वास्तव सत्य

 

(आ) टेक्नोसॅव्ही 

उत्तर: तंत्रस्नेही

(७) खालील वाक्यातील विरामचिन्हे शोधून त्यांची नावे लिहा. 

‘‘मावशी, तुम्ही राहता कुठं?’’

विरामचिन्हे नावे

उत्तर:

विरामचिन्हे नावे
” “
दुहेरी अवतरण चिन्ह
,
स्वल्पविराम
?
प्रश्नचिन्ह

(८) खालील शब्दांच्या जाती ओळखून लिहा.

(१) स्नेहल 

उत्तर: नाम

 

(२) तिचे 

उत्तर: सर्वनाम

 

(३) चंदेरी 

उत्तर: विशेषण

 

(४) करणे 

उत्तर: क्रियापद

(९) खालील तक्ता पूर्ण करा.

एकवचन शहर नदी पाऊल डोंगर
अनेकवचन

उत्तर:

एकवचन शहर नदी पाऊल डोंगर
अनेकवचन
शहरे
नद्या
पावले
डोंगर

(१०) स्वमत.

(अ) ‘आपल्या पायांचे वातावरणावर उमटलेले ठसे, आपल्याला सहजतेने पुसता येत नाहीत’, या विधानाचा तुम्हांला कळलेला अर्थ स्पष्ट करा.

उत्तर: वातावरणात ग्लोबल वॉर्मिंगचे प्रमाण वाढताना दिसत आहे. मानवाने विज्ञानाच्या जोरावर अनेक नवनवीन तंत्रज्ञान विकसित केले आहे. मानवनिर्मित घटकांचा वापर करत असताना निसर्गाची हानी होत आहे. 

 

प्रत्येकजण दळणवळणासाठी वैयक्तिक वाहनांचा वापर करताना दिसतो. या वाहनांमुळे वातावरणात खूप मोठ्या प्रमाणात कार्बन मिसळत असतो. वृक्षतोड करून मोठमोठ्या इमारती उभारल्या जातात. झाडे नष्ट झाल्याने वातावरणातील ऑक्सिजनचे प्रमाण कमी होत आहे. त्यामुळे वातावरण प्रदूषित होत आहे. म्हणून लेखक रेखामावशीचे उदाहरण देतात. रेखामावशीच्या पायाला लागलेली धूळ त्यामुळे फरशीवर उमटणारे उसे सहज पुसता येतील; पण आपण वातावरण दररोज कळत नकळत प्रदूषण करत असतो. त्याचे उमटलेले ठसे म्हणजेच ‘आपल्या पायांचे वातावरणात उमटलेले ठसे, मात्र आपल्याला सहजतेने पुसता येणार नाहीत’ असे लेखकाला या ठिकाणी सूचित करायचे आहे.

Global warming is increasing in the atmosphere. Humans have developed many new technologies with the help of science. Nature is being harmed while using man-made elements.

 

Everyone seems to be using personal vehicles for transportation. These vehicles add huge amount of carbon to the atmosphere. Big buildings are built by cutting down trees. Due to the loss of trees, the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere is decreasing. Therefore, the environment is getting polluted. So the author gives the example of Rekhamavashi. The dust on Rekhamavishi’s feet can easily be wiped off the floor; but we are polluting the environment everyday without realizing it. The writer wants to indicate here that his footprints are ‘the footprints of our feet in the environment, but we cannot easily erase them’.

(आ) ‘तापानं फणफणलीय आपली धरती’ ही स्थिती बदलण्यासाठी उपाय सुचवा.

उत्तर: पर्यावरण प्रदूषणात वाढ होईल अशीच आपली जीवनशैली असते. सार्वजनिक वाहनांचा वापर न करणे, एकाच माणसासाठी खाजगी वाहनाचा वापर थोड्या-थोड्या अंतरासाठी बाईक- मोटारगाड्यांचा वापर यातून सदैव कार्बनचे उत्सर्जन आपण करत असतो. त्यामुळे जागतिक तापमान वाढीस मदत होते. शक्यतो आपण सार्वजनिक वाहनांचा उपयोग केला पाहिजे. थोड्या-थोड्या अंतरासाठी सायकलीचा किंवा पायी चालण्याचा पर्याय निवडला पाहिजे. म्हणजे कमीत कमी पेट्रोलचा वापर केला पाहिजे. झाडे लावली पाहिजेत, हिरवळी वाढवल्या पाहिजेत. जेणे करून वातावरणातलां कार्बन डायऑक्साईड कमी होऊन हवा शुद्ध राहण्यास मदत होईल.

Our lifestyle is such that the environmental pollution will increase. We are always emitting carbon by not using public vehicles, using a private vehicle for a single person, using bikes and cars for short distances. It helps in global temperature rise. If possible we should use public transport. One should opt for cycling or walking for short distances. So minimum petrol should be used. Trees should be planted, greenery should be increased. This will help to reduce the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and keep the air clean.

उपक्रम : 

(अ) आठवड्यातून एक दिवस सायकलचा किंवा सार्वजनिक वाहनाचा वापर करा.

उत्तर: विद्यार्थ्यांनी या सल्ल्याचे पालन करावे आणि आठवड्यातून एक दिवस सायकल किंवा सार्वजनिक वाहतूक वापरावी.

 

(आ) ‘ग्लोबल वॉर्मिंगचे दुष्परिणाम’, या विषयावर शिक्षकांच्या मदतीने चर्चा करा.

उत्तर: 

‘ग्लोबल वॉर्मिंगचे दुष्परिणाम’

 

ग्लोबल वार्मिंग ही मानवी क्रियाकलापांमुळे उद्भवणारी एक गंभीर समस्या आहे, प्रामुख्याने जीवाश्म इंधन जाळणे आणि जंगलतोड. पृथ्वीचे तापमान जसजसे वाढते तसतसे त्याचे विविध घातक परिणाम होतात. सर्वात दृश्यमान प्रभावांपैकी एक म्हणजे ध्रुवीय बर्फ वितळणे, ज्यामुळे समुद्राची पातळी वाढते आणि किनारी भागात पूर येतो. चक्रीवादळ आणि उष्णतेच्या लाटांसारख्या अत्यंत हवामानाच्या घटना अधिक वारंवार आणि तीव्र होतात, ज्यामुळे जीवन आणि मालमत्तेला धोका निर्माण होतो. याव्यतिरिक्त, ग्लोबल वॉर्मिंगमुळे परिसंस्था विस्कळीत होते, वनस्पती आणि प्राण्यांच्या प्रजाती नष्ट होण्याच्या धोक्यात येतात. तापमानवाढ हवामानाचा शेतीवरही परिणाम होतो, ज्यामुळे बदलत्या हवामान आणि पाण्याच्या कमतरतेमुळे काही प्रदेशांमध्ये पिके घेणे आव्हानात्मक होते. शिवाय, उष्ण वातावरणात कीटक आणि रोगजनकांची वाढ होत असल्याने रोगांचा प्रसार होऊ शकतो. ग्लोबल वार्मिंगचा सामना करण्यासाठी, आपण हरितगृह वायू उत्सर्जन कमी केले पाहिजे, जंगलांचे संरक्षण केले पाहिजे, स्वच्छ ऊर्जा स्त्रोतांना प्रोत्साहन दिले पाहिजे आणि शाश्वत पद्धतींचा अवलंब केला पाहिजे. आपल्या ग्रहाचे रक्षण करण्यासाठी आणि येणाऱ्या पिढ्यांसाठी सुरक्षित आणि स्थिर भविष्य सुनिश्चित करण्यासाठी आता कृती करणे महत्त्वपूर्ण आहे.

“Effects of Global Warming”

 

Global warming is a serious problem caused by human activities, mainly the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. As the temperature of the earth increases, it has various harmful effects. One of the most visible impacts is the melting of the polar ice caps, which causes sea levels to rise and coastal flooding. Extreme weather events such as cyclones and heat waves become more frequent and intense, threatening lives and property. Additionally, global warming disrupts ecosystems, putting plant and animal species at risk of extinction. A warming climate also affects agriculture, making growing crops challenging in some regions due to changing weather and water scarcity. In addition, diseases can spread as insects and pathogens thrive in warmer climates. To combat global warming, we must reduce greenhouse gas emissions, protect forests, promote clean energy sources, and adopt sustainable practices. Acting now is critical to protecting our planet and ensuring a safe and stable future for generations to come.